Sub-quadratic convergence of a smoothing Newton algorithm for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">0</Emphasis></Subscript>– and monotone LCP

Given , the linear complementarity problem (LCP) is to find such that (x, s) 0,s=Mx+q,x^Ts=0. By using the Chen-Harker-Kanzow-Smale (CHKS) smoothing function, the LCP is reformulated as a system of parameterized smooth-nonsmooth equations. As a result, a smoothing Newton algorithm, which is a modified version of the Qi-Sun-Zhou algorithm [Mathematical Programming, Vol. 87, 2000, pp. 1–35], is proposed to solve the LCP with M being assumed to be a P₀-matrix (P₀–LCP). The proposed algorithm needs only to solve one system of linear equations and to do one line search at each iteration. It is proved in this paper that the proposed algorithm has the following convergence properties: (i) it is well-defined and any accumulation point of the iteration sequence is a solution of the P₀–LCP; (ii) it generates a bounded sequence if the P₀–LCP has a nonempty and bounded solution set; (iii) if an accumulation point of the iteration sequence satisfies a nonsingularity condition, which implies the P₀–LCP has a unique solution, then the whole iteration sequence converges to this accumulation point sub-quadratically with a Q-rate 2–t, where t(0,1) is a parameter; and (iv) if M is positive semidefinite and an accumulation point of the iteration sequence satisfies a strict complementarity condition, then the whole sequence converges to the accumulation point quadratically.This authors work is supported by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council and the Australian Research Council.This authors work is supported by Grant R146-000-035-101 of National University of Singapore.Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 90C33, 65K10     

An improved method of angle measurement with a position sensitive detector

An improved method of angle measurement is proposed based on a parallel plate interferometer. A position detection system is incorporated into a parallel plate interferometer in order to realize large deflection angle measurement. A reflecting mirror is introduced for increasing the measurement resolution. In experiments,a deflection angle of a measured target was measured within ～ 3° with high accuracy. And as a phase modulating interferometer, it was used to measure a small angular displacement with a repeatability of 5.5 × 10-8 rad.     

Polylactide/cellulose nanocrystal composites: a comparative study on cold and melt crystallization

Polylactide (PLA) composites with pristine cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and acetylated one (aCNC) were prepared for the crystallization study. The roles of CNC and aCNC in cold and melt crystallization of PLA were explored. Both CNC and aCNC have good nucleation activity during cold crystallization of PLA, but also highly impede transport of adjacent chain segments to the growing surface, acting as the role of physical barrier in the glassy bulk. Within the experimental temperature range, growth dominates the overall kinetics, rather than nucleation. Therefore, barrier role overwhelms nucleation agent one and as a result, the cold crystallization rates of composites decrease as compared with neat PLA, accompanied by decreased degrees of crystallinity. During melt crystallization, although the presence of CNC and aCNC leads to sharply increased system viscosities, reducing chain mobility, nucleation is the dominant role as the systems crystallize from the melts. Thus, the presence of CNC and aCNC promotes melt crystallization of PLA, and the composites show far higher crystallization rates and degrees of crystallinity than neat PLA. Besides, the surface acetylation of CNC improves its nucleation ability during melt crystallization of PLA, and as a result, the composite with aCNC has denser fold surfaces relative to the one with CNC. But the presence of these two kinds of particles has no evident influence on the lamellar structure of PLA whether in the cold or in melt crystallization. This work can provide useful information on the crystallization control of PLA using CNC.     

Lighting object-based nondoped-type white organic light-emitting diode with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-(1,1'-benzidine)-4,4'-diamine as the chromaticity-tuning layer

We demonstrate a nondoped white organic light-emitting diode in which the blue, green, and red emissions are generated from 4,4(')-bis(2,2(')-diphenylvinyl)-1,1(')-biphenyl, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum, and a submonolayer of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7- tetramethyl-julolidyl 9-enyl)-4H-pyran layers, respectively. A thin layer of N,N(')-diphenyl-N,N(')-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1(')-benzidine)-4,4(')-diamine (NPB), which differed from the traditional hole-transporting layer, was introduced into the device. The thickness of this thin NPB layer was changed to tune the chromaticity and optimize the white color quality. The white device with a 3 nm chromaticity-tuning NPB layer gives the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage-1931 xy coordinate of (0.327, 0.336), a color rendering index of 90.2, a maximum luminance of 19,096 cd/m(2), and a maximum current efficiency of 4.12 cd/A. The electroluminescence mechanism of the white device was also discussed.     

碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器封装用4J36 合金深低温力学性能研究

为了提高碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器封装结构的可靠性, 获得组件材料的深低温力学性能十分重要. 4J36合金具有极低的膨胀系数且材料焊接性能较好, 广泛应用于封装结构中的冷平台部分. 本文在300 K~4.2 K 温度区间内对4J36 合金进行了热力学性能试验, 获得了材料随温度变化的动态热力学参数; 在300 K、77 K、4.2 K 温度下对4J36 试件进行了拉伸试验, 获得了相应的工程应力应变曲线和力学性能参数; 通过扫描电镜对断口形貌进行了微观结构分析, 获得了4J36 合金拉伸断口微观组织和性能的变化规律. 试验结果表明4J36 材料在300 K ~4.2 K 温度范围内平均线膨胀系数为2.08×10-6/K, 从300 K 到77 K,4J36 合金的比热容随温度降低而减小; 在300 K~4.2 K 温度区间内, 随温度降低, 合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度显著提高, 而弹性模量断后伸长率降低; 由拉伸断口宏观和微观形貌看出在300 K、77 K 和4.2 K 下4J36 合金拉伸试件的断裂模式均为韧性断裂. 试验研究结果将对4J36 合金在红外焦平面探测器组件的低温应用方面提供试验依据.     

Allylation and alkylation of oxindoleketimines via imine umpolung strategy

When treated with an alkoxide base like t-BuOK in aprotic solvent, N-diphenylmethyl imino oxindoles, made conveniently through condensation of corresponding isatins with N-diphenylmethyl amine, are deprotonated to form azaallyl anions. Allylation and alkylation of this type of intermediates proceed smoothly with diverse C-electrophiles. Acidic work up finishes 3-amino-3-allyl/alkyl oxindoles. The overall transformation equals to an umpolung process at the C3 of isatins.     

Rapid Detection of Irreversible Acetylcholineasterase Inhibitor by Mass Spectrometry Assay

Here we developed a rapid method to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI‐FTMS) for screening irreversible AChE inhibitors. Due to its good salt‐tolerance and low sample consumption, MALDI‐FTMS could facilitate rapid detection, especially detection in real application. AChE activity was determined through calculating abundance of substrate and product in mass spectrometry. By this approach, we investigated the relation of organophosphorous (OP) concentrations and AChE inhibition. Shown in different inhibition curves from different OP pesticides, enzyme inhibitions still kept good correlation with concentration of OPs. Finally, this AChE‐inhibited method was applied to screen whole bloods of four decedents and discuss their death reason. In contrast to healthy persons, three of decedents showed low AChE activity, and probably died for irreversible AChE inhibitors. Through the following detecting in GC‐MS/MS, the possible death reason of these three decedents was confirmed, and another decedent actually died for sumicidin, a non‐AChE inhibitor. It demonstrated that screening irreversible AChE inhibitors by detecting enzyme activity in MALDI‐FTMS provided fast and accurate analysis results and excluded another toxicants not functioning on AChE. This method offered alternative choices for indicating the existence of enzyme inhibitors.     

4‐Phosphatephenyl Covalently Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Real‐Time Electrochemical Monitoring of Paracetamol Release from Electrospun Nanofibers

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was covalently modified by 4‐phosphatephenyl (4‐PP). Sensing paracetamol (PCT) via linear sweep voltammetry in sulfuric buffer solution of pH 1.02 at 36.8 °C, the 4‐PP‐modified GCE showed high electrochemical sensitivity and long reusability. PCT‐loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. Based on the calibration curve of PCT on the 4‐PP‐modified GCE, the PCT release process from the nanofibers was electrochemically monitored in real time via two routes. The results showed that the covalently modified GCE can be repeatedly used as real‐time electrochemical monitoring platform for drug release from drug‐loaded nanofibers in the long term.     

A highly efficient fluorescent sensor of explosive peroxide vapor via ZnO nanorod array catalyzed deboronation of pyrenyl borate

A new strategy capable of detecting explosive peroxide vapor via deboronation reaction induced fluorescence quenching has been developed. Using ordered assembly arrays of ZnO nanorods as catalyzing substrates, the deboronation reaction was 42 times faster than that on quartz substrates, which resulted in a very fast response and high sensitivity.