Understanding delamination in microelectronic devices using AES,XPS and chemometrics

The recent development of XPS instrumentation with near‐micron spatial resolution has advanced the capability of elemental and chemical‐state imaging accompanied by small‐area analysis (down to 15 µm). In this paper, the combined use of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) at enhanced spatial resolution is shown to have significantly improved the understanding of interfacial delamination and related problems encountered in the production of electronic devices in the field of microelectronics. An example of the application of surface analysis for ITO/Mo adhesion problems will be presented. The mathematical procedure using principal component analysis (PCA) in the reduction of noise in XPS images will also be described. The dramatic improvements in the image contrast and chemical component determination from multispectral image data sets will be presented. This study is intended to explore the contributions given by advanced surface analysis tools to solve real‐world problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中导数光谱法研究——Ⅱ.数据平滑和扫描步长的影响

数据平滑和扫描步长是两个重要求导条件。本工作用五点三次多项式平滑技术对扫描数据进行平滑处理以消除随机噪音,但平滑次数增大会导致信号失真从而使导数光谱的分辨能力降低。扫描步长减小能提高导数光谱的分辨能力,但同时导致导数光谱灵敏度减小。导数光谱中干扰物等效浓度IEC的大小是上述因素的综合反映。本文以IEC为考察指标,讨论了平滑次数和扫描步长的优化。     

Synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of T-shaped dimesogenic compounds

Two series of new dimesogenic liquid crystalline compounds were synthesized and their LC and other thermal properties were characterized. These compounds consist of two mesogenic units connected through polymethylene spacer of varying length in the shape of the letter ‘T’. The difference between the two series is in the structure of tail groups attached on the pendant azobenzene mesogens; one of which is n-butyl and the other is phenyl. The compounds were characterized for their liquid crystallinity by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry and visual observation of the melts on a hot-stage attached to a polarizing microscope. All these compounds were found to form only the nematic phase enantiotropically.     

Synthesis of Novel Benzotriazoloazepine Derivatives

Eight new benzotriazoloazepine derivatives have been synthesized starting from 7‐methoxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐2‐benzo[c]azepin‐1‐one. The compounds 2a–c have been synthesized by the reaction of 7‐methoxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐2‐benzo[c]azepin‐1‐thione with various hydrazides. Reaction of 5 with hydrazine hydrate, followed by treatment of the resultant hydrazone with formic acid, gave corresponding 9‐alkoxy‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]azepine(6 a , b ). Cyclization of 5 with methyl carbazate gave 9‐alkoxy‐6,7‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]azepin‐3(5H)‐one (7 a–c ). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by their elemental analysis and spectral data. Their anticonvulsant activities have been initially screened.     

Effects of Different Extraction Methods on the Gelatinization and Retrogradation Properties of Highland Barley Starch

The purpose of this study was to compare the gelatinization and retrogradation properties of highland barley starch (HBS) using different extraction methods. We obtained HBS by three methods, including alkali extraction (A-HBS), ultrasound extraction (U-HBS) and enzyme extraction (E-HBS). An investigation was carried out using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA), texture profile analysis (TPA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). It is shown that the different extraction methods did not change the crystalline type of HBS. E-HBS had the lowest damaged starch content and highest relative crystallinity value (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, A-HBS had the highest peak viscosity, indicating the best water absorption (p < 0.05). Moreover, E-HBS had not only higher G′ and G″ values, but also the highest gel hardness value, reflecting its strong gel structure (p < 0.05). These results confirmed that E-HBS provided better pasting stability and rheological properties, while U-HBS provides benefits of reducing starch retrogradation.     

Recent Progress in Identifying Bacteria with Fluorescent Probes

The development of new techniques to rapidly and accurately detect bacteria has drawn continuous attention due to the potential threats posed by bacteria to human health and safety. Recently, a novel strategy based on fluorescent probes has drawn considerable interest for the detection of bacteria due to its high selectivity, fast response, and simple operation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on fluorescent probes for the specific recognition and discrimination of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, we outline current design strategies, such as targeting of the differences in surface components, cell wall components, endogenous enzymes, surface charge, and hydrophobicity of various kinds of bacteria to develop various fluorescent sensors (organic small-molecule fluorescent probes, nanoprobes, and metal ion probes). We also emphasize the application of organic molecules in probe recognition elements. We hope that this review can stimulate this research area in bacterial detection and imaging in the future.     

高效液相色谱法检测氟吗啉在土壤中的降解

建立了氟吗啉在土壤中残留分析的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法,在实验室条件下对氟吗啉在我国具有代表性的3种土壤中的降解动态进行了研究。样品通过V(正己烷)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=1∶2混和溶液萃取,经弗罗里硅土SPE柱净化,浓缩后进行HPLC检测。结果表明,药剂土壤添加浓度在0.2和2.0mg/kg时,氟吗啉在不同土壤中回收率为78.8%～97.1%;标准偏差为2.24%～7.48%。氟吗啉在土壤中的降解遵循一级动力学方程;氟吗啉在3种土壤中的降解速率大小依次为黑龙江黑土>江西红土>河南黄土,其降解半衰期分别为99.02、106.64和157.53d,降解速率常数(k)分别为7.0×10-3、6.5×10-3和4.4×10-3。根据国内农药在土壤中的残留划分标准,氟吗啉属于中等降解类农药。比较氟吗啉在非灭菌与灭菌的黑龙江黑土、江西红土和河南黄土中的降解情况表明,药剂在非灭菌土中降解明显快,分析可能是土壤中微生物对氟吗啉的降解具有显著的影响。     

Endoscopic, rapid near-infrared optical tomography

This is believed to be the first demonstration of near-infrared (NIR) optical tomography employed at the endoscope scale and at a rapid sampling speed that allows translation to in vivo use. A spread-spectral-encoding technique based on a broadband light source and linear-to-circular fiber bundling was used to provide endoscopic probing of many source-detector fibers for tomography as well as parallel sampling of all source-detector pairs for rapid imaging. Endoscopic NIR tomography at an 8 Hz frame rate was achieved in phantoms and tissue specimens with a 12 mm probe housing eight sources and eight detectors. This novel approach provides the key feasibility studies to allow this blood-based contrast imaging technology to be attempted in detection of cancer in internal organs via endoscopic interrogation.     

一种布尔变换及解变换方法在数据处理中的应用

通常情况下,由于计算机在字符显示状态下在内存中存在一个显示代码缓存区,此缓存区存放屏幕上显示内容的ASCⅡ码;因此在LED显示应用上,尤其在需要将控制机显示内容在另一区域的LED屏幕重现时所需要的数据传输方面上,上述代码缓存区具有重要的作用.但是当我们使用象pc-1500这样的机器作LED显示系统的控制机时,由于它无上述的系统有规律的顺序显示代码缓存区,同时鉴于LED与主控机点阵的不同及需传送的数据量等问题,我们在传输屏幕内容上存在一定的困难.本文提出并采用一种布尔变换及解变换方法来解决这个问题.