On the mechanism of electroluminescence emission by porous silicon layers

The analytical treatment of a model considering the electrooxidation of p-porous silicon layers under galvanostatic conditions is able to give account of experimental facts such as the shape and location of the electroluminescence peak as well as of the spectral shift of the electroluminescence peak produced by oxidation. The proposed model considers electroluminescence to be the result of electron injection into the conduction band by an adsorbed intermediate produced by electrooxidation of the surface coverage with hydrogen or siloxene of the silicon nanocrystallites. The access of holes to the surface is made possible by low accumulation layer conditions and is the rate determining step in the electroluminescence mechanism. In this way it is possible to give a satisfactory explanation to the shift towards the blue experimented by the electroluminiscence emission maximum as a consequence of electrooxidation.     

Poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] from Stems of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Symphytum asperum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. caucasicum</Emphasis>

Two high-molecular-weight (>1000 kDa) water-soluble preparations were isolated from stems of Symphytum asperum and S. caucasicum. Their basic component was established as poly[hydroxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene], analogous to that of high-molecular-weight (>1000 kDa) preparations from roots of these same plants, using IR and NMR spectral data. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 303–305, July–August, 2005. An erratum to this article is available at .     

MUTATIONS IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AFFECTING SENSITIVITY TO PHOTODYNAMIC INACTIVATION

Abstract— Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with varying photodynamic sensitivities were isolated in an attempt to help identify the cytoplasmic targets of photodynamic action in yeast.     

First Synthesis of 3-Mercapto-2(1H)-pyridinone, a Simple Disubstituted Pyridine Useful for Synthesis of the 4-Azaphenoxathiine Ring System and Its Novel Diazaphenoxathiine Analogs: 1,6-Diazaphenoxathiine and 2,6-Diazaphenoxathiine(1)

3-Mercapto-2(1H)-pyridinone (1) can be synthesized in three simple high-yielding steps from readily available 2-tert-butylthiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (2). Its disodium salt condenses with o-chloronitrobenzene, 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine, and 3-chloro-4-nitropyridine 1-oxide to give respectively 4-azaphenoxathiine (10), 1,6-diazaphenoxathiine (12), and 2,6-diazaphenoxathiine 2-oxide (14) which reduces to 2,6-diazaphenoxathiine (15). The structures of these previously unreported azaphenoxathiine systems were confirmed by assignment of their respective (13)C NMR spectra.     

An overview of laboratory performance studies conducted by the IAEA for marine pollution studies of metals and organic contaminants

Aspects of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Analytical Quality Control Services (AQCS) for marine environmental studies are discussed, focusing on recent laboratory performance studies (LPS) and the production of reference materials for trace metals and organic compounds in various marine matrices. The IAEA has organized seventeen global interlaboratory studies for a range of organic contaminants. Of note has been the inclusion of numerous polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and some sterols of anthropogenic origin. Concurrently, there have been eleven worldwide intercomparison exercises for trace metals in the marine environment, most of which included methylmercury. Although such interlaboratory studies can help improve performance in individual laboratories and regional laboratory networks, the results reveal that problems remain in the determination of some metals and many organic contaminants.     

CuSO<Subscript>4</Subscript> as a Mild,Green, and Efficient Catalyst for the One-pot Conversion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">THP</Emphasis> Ethers to Acetates

Summary. An efficient direct conversion of THP ethers into the corresponding acetates was achieved with acetic anhydride in the presence of CuSO₄ · 5H₂O as an available and green catalyst in high yields.     

Fenugreek mucilage as a flocculating agent for sewage treatment

The use of fenugreek mucilage, a natural polysaccharide and a direct food additive, as a flocculating agent for removal of suspended and dissolved solids from sewage effluent has been reported. A flocculation study has been done by the standard jar test method. The percent removal of suspended solid (SS) and dissolved solid (TDS) was determined by varying the polymer dose, pH and contact time. X-ray diffraction patterns of the solid waste material of mucilage and flocs (so obtained after treatment) were used to suggest the incorporation of the crystalline waste material in the mucilage. The optimal mucilage concentration was found to be 0.16 mg/l. The suitable pH range for maximum solid removal (SS and TDS) was alkaline and the time required for treatment was 1-3 h.     

Cupric decamolybdodivanadophosphate. A coordination polymer heterogeneous catalyst for rapid, high conversion, high selectivity sulfoxidation using the ambient environment

A new type of coordination network polymer involving the redox-active polyanion, PV(2)Mo(10)O(40)(5)(-), and bridging -Cu(II)(OH(2))(4)- units, [[(Cu(II)(OH(2))(4))(3)(OH)]PV(2)Mo(10)O(40)](n)() (1), has been characterized by X-ray crystallography and several other methods. It is the first efficient heterogeneous (insoluble) catalyst for selective and rapid sulfoxidation using only the ambient environment (air at room temperature). Catalytic activity is enhanced by soluble nitrate in nontoxic perfluoropolyether (PFPE) media.     

Evaluation of measurement uncertainty for analytical procedures using a linear calibration function

In the EURACHEM/CITAC draft ”Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement” estimations of measurement uncertainty in analytical results for linear calibration are given. In this work these estimations are compared, i.e. the uncertainty deduced from repeated observations of the sample vs. the uncertainty deduced from the standard residual deviation of the regression. As a result of this study it is shown that an uncertainty estimation based on repeated observations can give more realistic values if the condition of variance homogeneity is not correctly fulfilled in the calibration range. The complete calculation of measurement uncertainty including assessment of trueness is represented by an example concerning the determination of zinc in sediment samples using ICP-atomic emission spectrometry. Received: 9 February 2002 Accepted: 17 April 2002     

An expeditious,solvent-free synthesis of some 5-aryl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles

An efficient, rapid, microwave-accelerated one-step synthesis of some 5-aryl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles by reaction of salicylic hydrazide with carboxylic acids in the presence of thionyl chloride under neat conditions is described. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1264–1267, August, 2007.