Observation of the Hadronic transitions chi(b1,2)(2P)-->omegaUpsilon(1S)

The CLEO Collaboration has made the first observations of hadronic transitions among bottomonium (bbmacr;) states other than the dipion transitions among Upsilon(nS) states. In our study of Upsilon(3S) decays, we find a significant signal for Upsilon(3S)-->gammaomegaUpsilon(1S) that is consistent with radiative decays Upsilon(3S)-->gammachi(b1,2)(2P), followed by chi(b1,2)(2P)-->omegaUpsilon(1S). The branching ratios we obtain are B[chi(b1)(2P)-->omegaUpsilon(1S)]=(1.63(+0.35+0.16)(-0.31-0.15))% and B[chi(b2)(2P)-->omegaUpsilon(1S)]=(1.10(+0.32+0.11)(-0.28-0.10))%, in which the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.     

Wess-Zumino current and the structure of the decay tau- -->K- pi- K+ nu tau

We present the first study of the vector (Wess-Zumino) current in tau(-)-->K-pi-K+nu(tau) decay using data collected with the CLEO III detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. We determine the quantitative contributions to the decay width from the vector and axial vector currents. Within the framework of a model by Kühn and Mirkes, we identify the quantitative contributions to the total decay rate from the intermediate states omegapi, rho(')pi, and K*K.     

Observation of B(0) --> D0pi(0) and B(0) -->D(*0)pi(0)

We have studied the color-suppressed hadronic decays of neutral B mesons into the final states D*0pi(0). Using 9.67 x 10(6) BB pairs collected with the CLEO detector, we observe the decays B( 0) --> D0pi(0) and B( 0) -->D(*0)pi(0) with the branching fractions BB( 0) -->D0pi(0)) = (2.74(+0.36)(-0.32) +/- 0.55)x10(-4) and BB( 0) -->D(*0)pi(0)) = (2.20(+0.59)(-0.52) +/- 0.79)x10(-4). The first error is statistical and the second systematic. The statistical significance of the D0pi(0) signal is 12.1sigma ( 5.9sigma for D(*0)pi(0)). Utilizing the B( 0) -->D*0)pi(0) branching fractions we determine the strong phases delta(I,D(*)) between isospin 1/2 and 3/2 amplitudes in the Dpi and D*pi final states to be cosdelta(I,D) = 0.89 +/-0.08 and cosdelta(I,D*) = 0.89 +/- 0.08, respectively.     

Observation of the h(c)(1P) Using e+ e- collisions above the DD threshold

Using 586 pb(-1) of e+ e- collision data at E(c.m.) = 4170 MeV, produced at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring collider and collected with the CLEO-c detector, we observe the process e+ e- → π+ π- h(c)(1P). We measure its cross section to be 15.6±2.3±1.9±3.0 pb, where the third error is due to the external uncertainty on the branching fraction of ψ(2S) → π0 h(c)(1P), which we use for normalization. We also find evidence for e+ e- → ηh(c)(1P) at 4170 MeV at the 3σ level and see hints of a rise in the e+ e- → π+ π- h(c)(1P) cross section at 4260 MeV.     

Measurement of the eta-meson mass using psi(2S) --> etaJ/psi

We measure the mass of the eta meson using psi(2S) --> etaJ/psi events acquired with the CLEO-c detector operating at the CESR e(+)e(-) collider. Using the four decay modes eta --> gamma gamma, 3pi(0), pi(+)pi(-)pi(0), and pi(+)pi(-)gamma, we find M(eta) = 547.785 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.057 MeV, in which the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This result has an uncertainty comparable to the two most precise previous measurements and is consistent with that of NA48, but is inconsistent at the level of 6.5 sigma with the much smaller mass obtained by GEM.     

Impact of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography and olfactometry for the sex differentiation of Baccharis articulata by the analysis of volatile compounds

The Baccharis genus has more than 400 species of aromatic plants. However, only approximately 50 species have been studied in oil composition to date. From these studies, very few take into consideration differences between male and female plants, which is a significant and distinctive factor in Baccharis in the Asteraceae family. Baccharis articulata is a common shrub that grows wild in south Brazil, northern and central Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is considered to be a medicinal plant and is employed in traditional medicine. We report B. articulata male and female volatile composition obtained by simultaneous distillation–extraction technique and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Also, an assessment of aromatic differences between volatile extracts was evaluated by gas chromatography with olfactometry. The results show a very similar chemical composition between male and female extracts, with a high proportion of terpene compounds of which β‐pinene, limonene and germacrene D are the main components. Despite the chemical similarity, great differences in aromatic profile were found: male plant samples exhibited the strongest odorants in number and intensity of aromatic attributes. These differences explain field observations which indicate differences between male and female flower aroma, and might be of ecological significance in the attraction of pollinating insects.     

Metaphors Reveal Preservice Elementary Teachers' Views of Mathematics and Science Teaching

Typically, experiences shape one's attitudes toward the “thing” that is being experienced, whether it is a person, pet, movie, etc. Classroom experiences also shape one's attitudes toward a subject, teacher, learning, and so forth. Studies have shown that attitudes become more negative as students move from elementary to secondary schools. Elementary preservice teachers have had many classroom experiences by the time they reach their methods courses. These varied experiences have shaped their attitudes about the learning and teaching of mathematics and science.