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151.
Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo Giorgio Guattari Carmine Sapia Dario Ambrosini Domenica Paoletti Giorgio Accardo 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2000,33(2):141
In the present work, we propose a simple optical method to perform profilometry on works of art. The method is based on the projection of a Ronchi grating onto the surface to be analyzed. When viewed at an angle different from the projection angle, the grid pattern appears deformed by the surface shape. This pattern is digitized, by a high-resolution CCD camera, and then processed using a Fourier transform analysis. The technique is free from the errors caused by higher harmonic components of the grating pattern. Furthermore, the method relies on very simple equipment and it is therefore suitable for in situ measurements. Theoretical details and examples of the technique in operation are given. 相似文献
152.
Dario Braga Lucia Maini Fabrizia Grepioni 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1998,37(16):2240-2242
Cooperative strong negatively charged and neutral O–H⋅⋅⋅O as well as weak charge-assisted C–Hδ+⋅⋅⋅Oδ− hydrogen-bonding interactions have been utilized for the crystal engineering of organometallic FeII/CoIII and FeII/CrI sandwich complexes. A section of the structure of [(η6-C6H6)2Cr]+{[(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)Fe][(η5-C5H4COOH)2Fe]0.5}− is shown in the picture. 相似文献
153.
154.
Quienly Godoi Dario Santos Jr. Lidiane C. Nunes Flávio O. Leme Iolanda A. Rufini José A.M. Agnelli Lilian C. Trevizan Francisco J. Krug 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2009
The performance of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) for the determination of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb in toys has been evaluated by using a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm and an Echelle spectrometer with intensified charge-coupled device detector. Samples were purchased in different cities of São Paulo State market and analyzed directly without sample preparation. Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry experimental conditions (number of pulses, delay time, integration time gate and pulse energy) were optimized by using a Doehlert design. Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry signals correlated reasonably well with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) concentrations after microwave-assisted acid digestion of selected samples. Thermal analysis was used for polymer identification and scanning electron microscopy to visualize differences in crater geometry of different polymers employed for toy fabrication. Results indicate that laser-induced breakdown spectrometry can be proposed as a rapid screening method for investigation of potentially toxic elements in toys. The unique application of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry for identification of contaminants in successive layers of ink and polymer is also demonstrated. 相似文献
155.
Fanjul-Moles ML Prieto-Sagredo J López DS Bartolo-Orozco R Cruz-Rosas H 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2009,85(1):78-87
Based on previous work in which we proposed midgut as a putative peripheral oscillator responsible for circadian reduced glutathione (GSH) crayfish status, herein we investigated the retina and optic lobe-brain (OL-B) circadian GSH system and its ability to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as a consequence of metabolic rhythms and light variations. We characterized daily and antioxidant circadian variations of the different parameters of the glutathione system, including GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as metabolic and lipoperoxidative circadian oscillations in retina and OL-B, determining internal and external GSH-system synchrony. The results demonstrate statistically significant bi- and unimodal daily and circadian rhythms in all GSH-cycle parameters, substrates and enzymes in OL-B and retina, as well as an apparent direct effect of light on these rhythms, especially in the retina. The luminous condition appears to stimulate the GSH system to antagonize ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO) daily and circadian rhythms occurring in both structures, oscillating with higher LPO under dark conditions. We suggest that the difference in the effect of light on GSH rhythmic mechanisms of both structures for antagonizing ROS could be due to differences in glutathione-system coupling strength with the circadian clock. 相似文献
156.
Cimitan S Albonetti S Forni L Peri F Lazzari D 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2009,329(1):73-80
Indium and gallium doped ZnO nanoparticles have been prepared by a hydrothermal reaction in ethanol and methoxyethanol. A comprehensive study of the preparation process, including a thorough investigation by TG-FTIR and TG-MS of the thermal-purification procedure, is presented. Moreover, the effect of thermal conditions and dopant concentration on the structural and optical properties is discussed on the basis of XRD, TEM and UV-vis-NIR results. Reported data indicated that the use of methoxyethanol as a solvent allows an enhanced control of nanoparticle size and favours dopant incorporation into zinc oxide. Near infrared absorption of these materials can be strongly affected by increasing the doping level and upon treating nanoparticles under reducing atmosphere. Preliminary study indicated that this effect is greatly enhanced for gallium-doped zinc oxide. 相似文献
157.
We prove a general duality result showing that a Brascamp–Lieb type inequality is equivalent to an inequality expressing subadditivity of the entropy, with a complete correspondence of best constants and cases of equality. This opens a new approach to the proof of Brascamp–Lieb type inequalities, via subadditivity of the entropy. We illustrate the utility of this approach by proving a general inequality expressing the subadditivity property of the entropy on ${\mathbb {R}^n}We prove a general duality result showing that a Brascamp–Lieb type inequality is equivalent to an inequality expressing subadditivity
of the entropy, with a complete correspondence of best constants and cases of equality. This opens a new approach to the proof
of Brascamp–Lieb type inequalities, via subadditivity of the entropy. We illustrate the utility of this approach by proving
a general inequality expressing the subadditivity property of the entropy on
\mathbb Rn{\mathbb {R}^n}, and fully determining the cases of equality. As a consequence of the duality mentioned above, we obtain a simple new proof
of the classical Brascamp–Lieb inequality, and also a fully explicit determination of all of the cases of equality. We also
deduce several other consequences of the general subadditivity inequality, including a generalization of Hadamard’s inequality
for determinants. Finally, we also prove a second duality theorem relating superadditivity of the Fisher information and a
sharp convolution type inequality for the fundamental eigenvalues of Schr?dinger operators. Though we focus mainly on the
case of random variables in
\mathbb Rn{\mathbb {R}^n} in this paper, we discuss extensions to other settings as well. 相似文献
158.
Håkansson P Mella M Bressanini D Morosi G Patrone M 《The Journal of chemical physics》2006,125(18):184106
The construction of importance sampled diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) schemes accurate to second order in the time step is discussed. A central aspect in obtaining efficient second order schemes is the numerical solution of the stochastic differential equation (SDE) associated with the Fokker-Plank equation responsible for the importance sampling procedure. In this work, stochastic predictor-corrector schemes solving the SDE and consistent with It? calculus are used in DMC simulations of helium clusters. These schemes are numerically compared with alternative algorithms obtained by splitting the Fokker-Plank operator, an approach that we analyze using the analytical tools provided by Ito; calculus. The numerical results show that predictor-corrector methods are indeed accurate to second order in the time step and that they present a smaller time step bias and a better efficiency than second order split-operator derived schemes when computing ensemble averages for bosonic systems. The possible extension of the predictor-corrector methods to higher orders is also discussed. 相似文献
159.
Second-order advantage turns possible a determination in the presence of unknown interferences. This work presented an application of the second-order advantage provided by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The aim was the direct determination of salicylic acid (SA), the main product of aspirin degradation, in undiluted human plasma by spectrofluorimetry. The strategy of this analysis combined the use of PARAFAC, for extraction of the pure analyte signal, with the standard addition method, for a determination in the presence of a strong matrix effect caused by the quenching effect of the proteins present in the plasma. For each sample, four standard additions were performed, in triplicates. A specific PARAFAC model was built for each triplicate of each sample, from three-way arrays formed by 436 emission wavelengths, 7 excitation wavelengths and 5 measurements (sample plus 4 additions). In all the cases, the models were built with three factors and explained more than 99.90% of the total variance. The obtained loadings were related to SA and two background interferences. The scores related to SA were used for a linear regression in the standard addition method. Good results were obtained for determinations in the SA concentration range from 3.0 to 24.0 μg ml−1, providing errors of prediction between 0.7 and 6.3%. 相似文献
160.
Photocontrolled variations in the wetting capability of photochromic polymers enhanced by surface nanostructuring 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Athanassiou A Lygeraki MI Pisignano D Lakiotaki K Varda M Mele E Fotakis C Cingolani R Anastasiadis SH 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(5):2329-2333
The wetting characteristics of surfaces of polymers doped with photochromic spiropyran molecules can be tuned when irradiated with laser beams of properly chosen photon energy. The hydrophilicity is enhanced upon UV laser irradiation since the embedded nonpolar spiropyran molecules convert to their polar merocyanine isomers. The process is reversed upon green laser irradiation. Structuring of the photochromic polymeric surfaces with soft lithography enhances significantly the hydrophobicity of the system, indicating that the water droplets on the patterned features interact with air that is trapped in the microcavities, thus creating superhydrophobic air-water contact areas. Furthermore, the light-induced wettability variations of the structured surfaces are enhanced by a factor of 3 compared to those on the flat surfaces. This significant enhancement is attributed to the photoinduced reversible volume changes to the imprinted gratings, which additionally contribute to the wettability changes due to the light-induced photochromic interconversions. 相似文献