亚细胞器诱导的2,4,6-三硝基甲苯阴离子自由基的ESR研究

本文在无氧条件下利用ESR分别观察了肝脏和晶状体的微粒体及线粒体酶在NADPH存在下还原三硝基甲苯(TNT)的过程,检测到参数为g=2.0048±0.0005,A_对位~N=1.215mT,A~N=0.800±0.010mT,A~H=0.122±0.0206mT的自由基信号,并通过电子计算机对ESR谱的模拟证明该自由基信号为TNT硝基阴离子自由基,根据其超精细分裂常数认为,其不配对电子的电子云密度主要分布在对位硝基上。     

云南甘草中齐墩果烷型五环三萜化合物的NMR谱的研究

本文研究了云南甘草皂甙元(glyyunnansapogenin)等oleanane类化合物的核磁共振谱。运用PBB,INEPT,DEPT方法,并结合化学位移值规律归属了这些化合物的¹³C-NMR信号。总结出用角甲基的化学位移植范围判定角甲基的取代位置的方法,分析了角甲基被氧取代后对环的化学位移值的影响。按类似olean-12-en,18α-H方式考虑,归属了oleana-11,13(18)-diene化合物的¹³C-NMR信号。讨论了具30→18β内酯或2929→18α内酯类化合物的核磁谱规律。另外,还发现了DE环上有1个OAC取代时,与其偕碳质子的化学位移值规律。     

矩形均匀电子束在激光介质中的能量沉积的模拟计算

本文主要论述了0.5MeV,单能垂直入射的电子束在三种不同密度的氟化氪准分子激光介质中的能量沉积。计算是采用Monte Carlo方法的MCSED程序,光轴方向采用周期性边界条件,因此能够给出平行于和垂直于电子束入射方向的沉积能量的空间分布。本文给出了在三种不同密度下的出射电子的角分布。用该程序对垂直入射的,初始能量为1MeV的电子在半无限大Al靶中的沉积能量的计算结果与ONETRAN程序的结果及实验结果的比较表明MCSED程序的计算结果是可靠的。     

Block-coherence measures and coherence measures based on positive-operator-valued measures

We study block-coherence measures based on the resource theory of block-coherence and coherence measures based on positive-operator-valued measures (POVM). Several block-coherence measures are presented, including the block-coherence measure based on maximum relative entropy, the one-shot block-coherence cost under maximally block-incoherent operations, and the coherence measure based on coherent rank. Their relationships are obtained. Moreover, we describe the deterministic coherence dilution process by constructing block-incoherent operations. Based on the POVM coherence resource theory, we also propose two coherence measures and analyze their relationship.     

Prospective study on observations of γ-ray sources in the Galaxy using the HADAR experiment

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) experiment is a refracting terrestrial telescope array based on the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique. It focuses the Cherenkov light emitted by extensive air showers through a large aperture water-lens system for observing very-high-energy γ-rays and cosmic rays. With the advantages of a large field-of-view (FOV) and low energy threshold, the HADAR experiment operates in a large-scale sky scanning mode to observe galactic sources. This study presents the prospects of using the HADAR experiment for the sky survey of TeV γ-ray sources from TeVCat and provids a one-year survey of statistical significance. Results from the simulation show that a total of 23 galactic point sources, including five supernova remnant sources and superbubbles, four pulsar wind nebula sources, and 14 unidentified sources, were detected in the HADAR FOV with a significance greater than 5 standard deviations (σ). The statistical significance for the Crab Nebula during one year of operation reached 346.0 σ and the one-year integral sensitivity of HADAR above 1 TeV was ~1.3%–2.4% of the flux from the Crab Nebula.     

Synthesizing Red Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Rigid Polycyclic Conjugated Molecules: Dual-Mode Sensing and Bioimaging in Biochemical Applications

Red fluorescent carbon dots (R-CDs) are special desirable for biochemical analysis due to good biological compatibility and deep penetration; however, they remain as bottlenecks due to difficulties in expanding the sp² domain, especially those are fused from rigid polycyclic conjugated molecules (RPCMs) with heteroatom substituents due to huge steric hindrance and heteroatom blockage toward graphic lattice. Here, an RPCM with heteroatom substituents, 1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (DDAQ), based self-doped R-CDs with PL emission at 635 nm is reported. Further investigations reveal that the expanding, hybrid sp² domain with indanthrone tannin structure from DDAQ is mainly responsible for the obtained red fluorescence of R-CDs. Taking advantage of optical properties, R-CDs are considered to construct a colorimetric/fluorescent dual mode sensing array for quantifying trace levels of Fe³⁺ and glyphosate based on the static quenching, and a biomarker for cell imaging. The CD-based sensors exhibit outstanding recovery, high selectivity, and sensitivity, also facilitated dual-mode detection with the naked-eye. The R-CDs have low cytotoxicity, good cell membrane penetration for rapid cell entry, and high resolution, demonstrating their potential for biolabeling and bioanalytic applications.     

Automated Spleen Injury Detection Using 3D Active Contours and Machine Learning

The spleen is one of the most frequently injured organs in blunt abdominal trauma. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice to assess patients with blunt spleen trauma, which may include lacerations, subcapsular or parenchymal hematomas, active hemorrhage, and vascular injuries. While computer-assisted diagnosis systems exist for other conditions assessed using CT scans, the current method to detect spleen injuries involves the manual review of scans by radiologists, which is a time-consuming and repetitive process. In this study, we propose an automated spleen injury detection method using machine learning. CT scans from patients experiencing traumatic injuries were collected from Michigan Medicine and the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN) dataset. Ninety-nine scans of healthy and lacerated spleens were split into disjoint training and test sets, with random forest (RF), naive Bayes, SVM, k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) ensemble, and subspace discriminant ensemble models trained via 5-fold cross validation. Of these models, random forest performed the best, achieving an Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.91 and an F1 score of 0.80 on the test set. These results suggest that an automated, quantitative assessment of traumatic spleen injury has the potential to enable faster triage and improve patient outcomes.     

Negative thermal expansion: Mechanisms and materials

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) of materials is an intriguing phenomenon challenging the concept of traditional lattice dynamics and of importance for a variety of applications. Progresses in this field develop markedly and update continuously our knowledge on the NTE behavior of materials. In this article, we review the most recent understandings on the underlying mechanisms (anharmonic phonon vibration, magnetovolume effect, ferroelectrorestriction and charge transfer) of thermal shrinkage and the development of NTE materials under each mechanism from both the theoretical and experimental aspects. Besides the low frequency optical phonons which are usually accepted as the origins of NTE in framework structures, NTE driven by acoustic phonons and the interplay between anisotropic elasticity and phonons are stressed. Based on the data documented, some problems affecting applications of NTE materials are discussed and strategies for discovering and design novel framework structured NET materials are also presented.     

晚期HEMP作用下铁路牵引供电系统GIC算法研究

高空核爆电磁脉冲晚期效应（E₃）会引起地磁场剧烈变化并形成地面感应电场。感应电场等效为激励源与地面长距离导体和大地构成回路,产生地磁感应电流 （GIC）。GIC可引起牵引供电系统中变压器直流偏磁,从而严重威胁牵引供电系统的安全运行。本文基于平面波理论、分层大地电导率模型并结合牵引供电系统的电路模型,提出E₃作用下的牵引供电系统GIC算法,并以带回流线的直接供电方式的铁路牵引供电系统为例,首次计算了系统GIC情况。结果表明,该供电方式下牵引供电系统中的GIC远大于系统中变压器等设备的耐受值,为进一步研究E₃作用下牵引供电系统效应及我国铁路设备选型、灾害防治等提供支撑。     

数字束流位置探测器通道自动增益校准方法的研究与实现

在现有硬件基础上,基于BPM测量准确度的需求,在自制的电子学FPGA芯片内,通过Verilog语言实现了一种数字BPM采样数据增益自动校准的设计。首先介绍了自动增益校准模块的系统总体设计;然后对模块的实现方法做了详细说明,设计并搭建了ADC数据自动增益校准测试平台以验证自动增益较准模块的功能;最后介绍了该设计在BPM通道标定中的应用。实验结果表明,该方法可以实现4通道增益一致,使ADC采样后的数据幅度相同,有效解决了由通道增益不一致引起的测量偏差,以及工程应用中ADC数据幅度校准工作量大且难于操作的问题,将在BPM系统通道自动标定中发挥重要作用。