Spectral fitting of NMR spectra using an alternating optimization method with a priori knowledge.

As alternatives to the fast Fourier transform, advanced parametric methods based on the damped sinusoidal data model have been devised to better quantify the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy time-domain data. Previously, linear prediction (LP) fitting methods using Householder triangularization and singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques have been applied to the NMR spectroscopy data analysis. In this paper, we propose an alternating optimization method to quantify the time-domain NMR spectroscopy data. The proposed algorithm uses the a priori knowledge of the possible frequency intervals of the damped sinusoids to obtain more accurate parameter estimates when the NMR spectroscopy data are obtained under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions and the peaks are close together. None of the LP and SVD type of methods can use such approximate a priori knowledge. We have shown with measured NMR spectroscopy data that the proposed algorithm can be used to obtain accurate parameter estimates of frequencies, amplitudes, and damping ratios of the damped sinusoids and therefore the ultimate fit of the spectrum by using the a priori knowledge about the possible frequency intervals of the damped sinusoids.     

Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory for electron-phonon interaction in two dimensional quantum dots with asymmetric parabolic potential

Within the framework of the second-order Rayleigh-Schr?dinger perturbation theory, we investigate the effects of the interaction of the electron and longitudinal-optical phonons in two-dimensional semiconductive quantum dots with respect to a general potential. We propose a simple expression for the ground state energy, and compare it with those obtained by Landau-Pekar strong coupling theory. It is shown both analytically and numerically that the results obtained from the second-order Rayleigh-Schr?dinger perturbation theory could be better than those from Landau-Pekar strong coupling theory when the coupling constant is sufficiently small. Moreover, some interesting problems, such as polarons in quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires, and quasi-zero-dimensional asymmetric or symmetric quantum dots can be easily discussed only by taking different limits. After the numerical calculations, we find that there exists a simple dimensional scaling and symmetry relation for the ground state polaron energy. Furthermore, we apply our results to some weak-coupling polar semiconductors such as GaAs, CdS. It is shown that the polaronic effects are found to be quiet appreciable if the confinement lengths and smaller than a few nanometers. Received: 3 December 1997 / Revised: 6 July 1998 / Accepted: 17 September 1998     

Frictional cooling: Experimental results

The classical methods used in beam cooling are hard to be adapted for a beam of short-lived elementary particles. A novel method, the so-called frictional cooling – that is cooling a beam of low-energy charged particles by moderation in matter and acceleration in an electrostatic field – has been shown to be feasible. In our experiments performed in 1994/1995 a beam of short-lived particles was cooled for the first time ever. Utilizing frictional cooling on a beam of slow negative muons we observed increase in phase space density by about one order of magnitude. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

New data on the p + N → [Σ0K+] + N reaction at E p= 70 GeV and the search for exotic baryons

New data for the diffractive reaction p+N→ [Σ⁰ K ⁺] +N at E _p= 70 GeV were obtained with partially upgraded SPHINX setup. The data are in a good agreement with the results of our previous study of this reaction. In the mass spectrum M(Σ⁰ K ⁺) a structure at the threshold region with a mass ∼1810 MeV and a distinct X(2000) peak with M= 1989 ± 6 MeV and γ= 91 ± 20 MeV are observed. Unusual features of the massive X(2000) state (narrow decay width, anomalously large branching ratio for the decay channel with strange particle emission) make it a serious candidate for cryptoexotic pentaquark baryon with hidden strangeness |qqqsˉs>. We also present new results on the narrow threshold structure X(1810) with M= 1807 ± 7 MeV and γ= 62 ± 19 MeV which is produced in the region of very small P ² _T < 0.01 GeV². The possibility of the Coulomb production mechanism for X(1810) is discussed. Received: 28 April 1999     

Surface diffusion of Ni on Si(111) with coadsorption of Co

The effect of the coadsorption of Co and Ni on an Si(111) surface structure and on the diffusion of adsorbed atoms is investigated by low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. It is established that surface structures similar to those formed with the adsorption of Co alone are formed with the Ni and Co coadsorption on an Si(111) surface. It is found that the contribution of surface diffusion to the transport of Ni atoms is sharply higher on an Si(111) surface with submonolayer Co concentrations in the temperature range 500–750 °C than for a pure surface, where the main mechanism of Ni transport along the surface is diffusion of Ni atoms through the bulk of Si. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 1489–1494 (August 1999)     

Nanocomposite Mullite/Mullite Powders by Spray Pyrolysis

A mullite/mullite nanocomposite powder has been synthesized, composed of nanometer-size 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ (3/2) mullite precipitates within a matrix of the high alumina 2Al₂O₃·SiO₂ (2:1) mullite. Historically, the transition from the metastable high-alumina phase to the thermodynamically stable 3:2 phase of mullite has been thought to be a continuous process, involving a continuous solid solution between the two forms of mullite. In contradiction to this widely held view, our high resolution transmission electron microscopic characterization confirms that a first order phase transition between two distinct mullites occurs. The high degree of interface coherence between the precipitates and the matrix allows us to speculate that the mechanical properties of the matrix could be enhanced by a process similar to the precipitation hardening of metals.     

Spatial distribution of the intensity noise of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser

We studied anticorrelated quantum fluctuations between the TEM(00) and the TEM(01) transverse modes of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser by measuring the transverse spatial distribution of the laser beam intensity noise. Our experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a phenomenological model that accounts for quantum correlations between transverse modes in a light beam.     

Superchirped moiré grating based on an acousto-optic superlattice with a chirped fiber Bragg grating

A superchirped moiré grating has multiple superimposed chirped Bragg gratings. We show that a superchirped moiré grating can be formed in an acousto-optic superlattice with a chirped fiber Bragg grating. There are multiple transmission peaks related to Fabry-Perot resonance in the transmission spectrum. The peak spacing is varied by the acoustic frequency. The proposed devices can be used as tunable multiple-passband transmission filters and switches.     

Experimental analysis of the electrode products emitted byhigh-current vacuum arcs

The mass distribution of particles produced in the high-current vacuum arc was investigated. The experiments were concentrated on evaluating the spatial mass distribution emitted in the radial as well as in the azimuthal directions calculated from the mass deposition profile on collectors surrounding the arc discharge. The experiments were carried out in a vacuum chamber evacuated to an ambient pressure <10^-4 Pa. High-current arcs in the range from 2-7.5 kA were drawn between butt contacts of 31 and 55 mm in diameter (anode and cathode, respectively) both of a copper-chromium alloy (CuCr25). The surface mass deposited along multi-segment collectors was measured by a micro densitometer, and an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer. Two angular mass deposit distributions were determined: the azimuthal distribution on the plane parallel to the cathode surface, and the radial distribution as a function of the angle with respect to the cathode plane. Both distributions were anisotropic and the structure of the deposition layer depended on the angle of incidence of the particles onto the substrate, the density of the particle flux and other factors. The mass deposited on the collectors consisted mostly of chromium molecules (approx. 80% of Cr and 20% Cu) for CuCr25 or CuCr40 electrodes     

像质检测用光学窗口的温度适应性设计与实验北大核心CSCD

为了在温度变化条件下对光电成像系统进行像质检测与评价,设计一种具有温度自适应功能的光学窗口。分析了温度变化对光学玻璃面形的影响,进行光学窗口的温度适应性光机结构设计,通过有限元分析与实测实验相结合的方法分析了温度变化对光学窗口面形的影响,验证了温度适应性设计的有效性。实验结果表明:常温20℃条件下,光学窗口波像差的PV值和RMS值分别为82.90 nm和6.96 nm;高温50℃条件下,波像差的PV值和RMS值分别为136.68 nm和14.55 nm;低温−40℃条件下,波像差的PV值和RMS值分别为183.51 nm和28.48 nm;高、低温环境下光学窗口的波像差与常温环境下结果对比的数值变化趋势与有限元分析结果具有较好的吻合性;在3种温度条件下光学窗口波像差的PV值均小于或接近(1/4)λ,且由于温度变化引起的光学窗口面形变化很小,设计的光学窗口具有较好的温度适应性。