An existence result for a nonhomogeneous problem in R2 related to nonlinear Hencky-type materials

This paper investigates a nonlinear and non-homogeneous system of partial differential equations. The motivation comes from the fact that in a particular case the problem discussed here can be used in modeling the behavior of nonlinear Hencky-type materials. The main result of the paper establishes the existence of a nontrivial solution in an adequate functional space of Orlicz–Sobolev type by using Schauder’s fixed point theorem combined with adequate variational techniques.     

Switching effects in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor graphene junctions

The Josephson effect in the superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor （SFS） graphene Josephson junction is studied using the Dirac Bogoliubov-de Gennes （DBdG） formalism. It is shown that the SFS graphene junction drives 0–π transition with the increasing of p=h0L/vF？, which captures the effects of both the exchange field and the length of the junction; the spin-down current is dominant. The 0 state is stable for p 〈 pc （critical value pc ≈ 0.80） and the π state is stable for p 〉 pc, where the free energy minima are at φg=0 and φg=π, respectively. The coexistence of the 0 and π states appears in the vicinity of pc.     

Open critical area model and extraction algorithm based on the net flow-axis

In the integrated circuit manufacturing process, the critical area extraction is a bottleneck to the layout optimization and the integrated circuit yield estimation. In this paper, we study the problem that the missing material defects may result in the open circuit fault. Combining the mathematical morphology theory, we present a new computation model and a novel extraction algorithm for the open critical area based on the net flow-axis. Firstly, we find the net flow-axis for different nets. Then, the net flow-edges based on the net flow-axis are obtained. Finally, we can extract the open critical area by the mathematical morphology. Compared with the existing methods, the nets need not to divide into the horizontal nets and the vertical nets, and the experimental results show that our model and algorithm can accurately extract the size of the open critical area and obtain the location information of the open circuit critical area.     

A generalized Schrödinger equation via a complex Lagrangian of electrodynamics

In this paper we give a generalized form of the Schrödinger equation in the relativistic case, which contains a generalization of the Klein-Gordon equation. By complex Legendre transformation, the complex Lagrangian of electrodynamics produces a complex relativistic Hamiltonian H of electrodynamics, on the holomorphic cotangent bundle T′* M. By a special quantization process, a relativistic time dependent Schrödinger equation, in the adapted frames of (T′* M, H) is obtained. This generalized Schrödinger equation can be expressed with respect to the Laplace operator of the complex Hamilton space (T′*M, H). Finally, under some additional conditions on the proper time s of the complex space-time M and the time parameter t along the quantum state, by the method of separation of variables, we obtain two classes of solutions for the Schrödinger equation, one for the weakly gravitational complex curved space M, and the second in the complex space-time with Schwarzschild metric.     

Visible Channeled Spectra of a Multilayer Wood Filter

The transmission factor of multilayer Wood filters containing quartz and rutile layers was simulated in order to avoid the experimental trials for obtaining optical filters with predicted transmission. The main refractive indices of uniaxial crystals—quartz and rutile—were interferometrically determined and Cauchy constants were obtained by simulation. The transmission factor of optical devices consisting of quartz and rutile layers was simulated using the Maple Program.     

Universal occurrence of the phase-flip bifurcation in time-delay coupled systems

Recently, the phase-flip bifurcation has been described as a fundamental transition in time-delay coupled, phase-synchronized nonlinear dynamical systems. The bifurcation is characterized by a change of the synchronized dynamics from being in-phase to antiphase, or vice versa; the phase-difference between the oscillators undergoes a jump of pi as a function of the coupling strength or the time delay. This phase-flip is accompanied by discontinuous changes in the frequency of the synchronized oscillators, and in the largest negative Lyapunov exponent or its derivative. Here we illustrate the phenomenology of the bifurcation for several classes of nonlinear oscillators, in the regimes of both periodic and chaotic dynamics. We present extensive numerical simulations and compute the oscillation frequencies and the Lyapunov spectra as a function of the coupling strength. In particular, our simulations provide clear evidence of the phase-flip bifurcation in excitable laser and Fitzhugh-Nagumo neuronal models, and in diffusively coupled predator-prey models with either limit cycle or chaotic dynamics. Our analysis demonstrates marked jumps of the time-delayed and instantaneous fluxes between the two interacting oscillators across the bifurcation; this has strong implications for the performance of the system as well as for practical applications. We further construct an electronic circuit consisting of two coupled Chua oscillators and provide the first formal experimental demonstration of the bifurcation. In totality, our study demonstrates that the phase-flip phenomenon is of broad relevance and importance for a wide range of physical and natural systems.     

DNA Interaction with 17α‐Ethinylestradiol Studied Using Electrochemical Biosensors and Biosensing in Solution

The synthetic estrogen 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an active component of oral contraceptives. It is considered as an endocrine disrupting compound that, once incorporated into an organism, affects the hormonal balance of animals and humans. In this study we characterized the DNA‐EE2 interaction using an electrochemical biosensor and biosensing in solution phase with the double stranded DNA from salmon sperm and deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP). Differential pulse voltammetry method has been applied based on voltammetric anodic responses of the deoxyguanine (dGuo) and deoxyadenine (dAdo) as well as EE2 in the medium of phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0. Binding of EE2 to the nucleobases leads to a decrease of their anodic signals. Association constant for DNA‐EE2 interaction has been estimated to be about 1.1 ? 10³ L mol^?1 and 1.4 ? 10³ L mol^?1 for dGuo and dAdo responses, respectively. The association is reversible as indicated by decrease of the EE2 response in pure buffer solution due to leaching of EE2 from the surface attached DNA. The DNA‐EE2 association has been confirmed also by UV‐vis spectrometric experiments.     

Interplay between composition,structural dynamics and thermodynamic data in amino acid nitrates

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - A systematic thermodynamic study has been performed for a series of nitrates having cations derived from the α-amino acids glycine (Gly),...     

On‐Surface Reactive Planarization of Pt(II) Complexes

A series of Pt(II) complexes with tetradentate luminophores has been designed, synthesized, and deposited on coinage metal surfaces with the aim to produce highly planar self‐assembled monolayers. Low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a significant initial nonplanarity for all complexes. A subsequent metal‐catalyzed separation of the nonplanar moiety at the bridging unit via the scission of a C?N bond is observed, leaving behind a largely planar core complex. The activation barrier of this bond scission process is found to depend strongly on the chemical nature of both bridging group and coordination plane, and to increase from Cu(111) through Ag(111) to Au(111).     

Spectroscopic characteristics of Tm3+ in Tm and Tm,Nd, Yb:Sc2O3 ceramic

The spectroscopic investigation of Tm³⁺ or (Nd, Yb, Tm)-doped Sc₂O₃ transparent ceramics, as laser-active media for visible and IR emission, was performed. The spectra are dominated by Tm³⁺ ions in sites of C₂ symmetry and an energy level scheme and other spectral parameters were determined. The strong concentration quenching of ³H₄ level emission in Tm:Sc₂O₃ at 300 K is discussed by considering the resonant cross-relaxation (³H₄→³F₄)?(³H₆→³F₄) process and multipolar interactions of various orders. The main energy-transfer processes leading to the blue upconversion emission from the ¹G₄ Tm³⁺ level in (Tm, Nd, Yb):Sc₂O₃ ceramic, under pulsed pumping at 808.3 nm were evidenced.