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141.
Schichtel N Korte C Hesse D Zakharov N Butz B Gerthsen D Janek J 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2010,12(43):14596-14608
Multilayer samples of the type (YSZ|Sc2O3) × n with layer thicknesses between 8 nm (n=100) and 250 nm (n=5) were prepared on (0001) sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The samples were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM, SAED (selected-area electron diffraction) and quantitative EELS (electron energy-loss spectroscopy)). The polycrystalline layers show a columnar microstructure, which is typical for the used preparation technique. The layers are highly textured and only one axial orientation relation is found between yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ), scandium oxide and the substrate: (0001) Al2O3‖(111) Sc2O3‖(111) YSZ. A preferred orientation relationship also exists for the azimuthal rotation of the crystallites, which was demonstrated by SAED, XRD pole figure measurements and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of HRTEM micrographs. The interfaces between YSZ, Sc2O3 and the substrate are sharp and do not contain diffuse transition regions. Dislocations appear not to be arranged in regular arrays. With increasing interface density (thinner individual layers in the multilayer), the conductivity of the multilayers decreases. We relate this to the negative nominal misfit present at the YSZ|Sc2O3 interfaces (compressive stress in YSZ at the phase boundaries). This observation agrees well with the previously investigated case of YSZ|Y2O3 (A. Peters et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2008, 10, 4623), where tensile misfit strain was present in YSZ at the phase boundaries, leading to a conductivity increase. 相似文献
142.
Urgast DS Ellingsen DG Berlinger B Eilertsen E Friisk G Skaug V Thomassen Y Beattie JH Kwun IS Feldmann J 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2012,404(1):89-99
In recent years, bismuth has been promoted as a "green element" and is used as a substitute for the toxic lead in ammunition and other applications. However, the bioavailability and toxicity of bismuth is still not very well described. Following a hunting accident with bismuth-containing shots, a bioavailability study of bismuth from metal pellets inoculated into rat limb muscles was carried out. Bismuth could be found in urine and blood of the animals. Bio-imaging using laser ablation ICP-MS of thin sections of the tissue around the metal implant was carried out to find out more about the distribution of the metal diffusing into the tissue. Two laser ablation systems with different ablation cell designs were compared regarding their analytical performance. Low concentrations of bismuth showing a non-symmetrical pattern were detected in the tissue surrounding the metal implant. This was partly an artefact from cutting the thin sections but also bio-mobilisation of the metals of the implant could be seen. An accumulation of zinc around the implant was interpreted as a marker of inflammation. Challenges regarding sample preparation for laser ablation and bio-imaging of samples of diverse composition became apparent during the analysis. 相似文献
143.
Urgast DS Ou O Gordon MJ Raab A Nixon GF Kwun IS Beattie JH Feldmann J 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2012,402(1):287-297
The kinetics of zinc absorption, metabolism and excretion is extensively studied by nutritionists. Stable isotopes of zinc
can be used to identify body zinc compartments that have different turnover kinetics. Since the compartments might belong
to physiological subsections of different organs, there is a need for microsampling analysis to determine isotope ratios of
the trace element zinc in tissue samples. Here, we study the feasibility to use laser ablation coupled to quadrupole ICP-MS
for the determination of zinc tracers given to rats at different time points with the aim to generate isotope ratio bioimages
of heart tissue. A double tracer (70Zn and 67Zn) experiment with rats was designed to label the exchangeable zinc pool as well as the stable zinc pool. The isotope ratios
determined by laser ablation ICP-MS were evaluated by additional measurements of tissue digests. Accumulated tracers which
made up more than 0.1% of total zinc could be identified in the tissues of the treated rats. It was established that at least
50 measurements from the microsampling were necessary to distinguish between controls and a tracer treated rat resulting in
reduced resolution of the bioimage. With the parameters used, features in the tissue thin sections of at least 250 μm2 in size are necessary to detect the incorporation of a tracer. When different time points have to be measured, higher precisions
are required and therefore a larger area needs to be ablated (1 mm2). Using the bioimages and pool measurements from one physiological feature, it was possible to show that the aorta cell walls
incorporate the zinc tracer at the different time points. 相似文献
144.
Gamm B Blank H Popescu R Schneider R Beyer A G?lzh?user A Gerthsen D 《Microscopy and microanalysis》2012,18(1):212-217
Single atoms can be considered as the most basic objects for electron microscopy to test the microscope performance and basic concepts for modeling image contrast. In this work high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was applied to image single platinum, molybdenum, and titanium atoms in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. The atoms are deposited on a self-assembled monolayer substrate that induces only negligible contrast. Single-atom contrast simulations were performed on the basis of Weickenmeier-Kohl and Doyle-Turner form factors. Experimental and simulated image intensities are in quantitative agreement on an absolute intensity scale, which is provided by the vacuum image intensity. This demonstrates that direct testing of basic properties such as form factors becomes feasible. 相似文献
145.
Urbánek L Krcmová L Solichová D Melichar B Opletalová V Solich P 《Journal of separation science》2006,29(16):2485-2493
Among other side effects, administration of anticancer agents is accompanied by manifestations of gastrointestinal toxicity and disturbances of antioxidant balance. The monitoring of these toxic effects in clinical practice is impeded by a dearth of reliable laboratory methods. Therefore, a simple and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for selective and sensitive determination of retinol, a-tocopherol, and retinyl esters (retinyl-palmitate and retinyl-stearate) in blood serum has been developed and presented in this study. A Series 200 LC HPLC instrument from Perkin Elmer (Norwalk, USA) with diode-array detector (DAD) was used for the analysis. Separations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, retinyl-palmitate, and retinyl-stearate were performed using a Chromolith Performance RP-18e, 100 x 4.6 mm monolithic column from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Gradient elution was used at a flow rate of 3 mL/min; the mobile phase was methanol-water (95:5, v/v) for 0-2.1 min and methanol-2-propanol (60:40, v/v) for 2.1-4.9 min. The total time of analysis was 6 min. The injection volume was 20 microL and the analysis was performed at ambient temperature. Detection of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and retinyl esters was carried out at 325, 295, and 330 nm, respectively. For practical assessment of the method, the vitamin A absorption test was performed on seven healthy controls as well as on six patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma or head and neck carcinoma previously treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, six patients with rectal carcinoma before chemoradiotherapy, four patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) before treatment with imatinib, and a breast cancer patient with chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Present data demonstrate the feasibility of large scale HPLC determination of vitamin E, vitamin A, and retinyl esters in human serum using a silica monolithic column, and this method may represent a valuable aid in the laboratory monitoring of the toxicity of anticancer therapy. 相似文献
146.
147.
Lenka Findoráková Katarína Győryová Daniela Hudecová Dagmar Mudroňová Jana Kovářová Katarína Homzová Faten A. Nour El-Dien 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,111(3):1771-1781
New zinc(II) 2-chlorobenzoates of general formula [Zn(2-ClC6H4COO)2(L)2] (where L = caffeine—caf, urea—u, methyl-3-pyridylcarbamate—mpc, phenazone—phen, theophylline—thp) were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The thermal behaviour of the complexes was studied by TG/DTG and DTA methods in nitrogen and in air atmosphere. During the thermal decomposition of the studied compounds the release of organic ligands take place followed by the decomposition of 2-chlorobenzoate anion. The volatile decomposition intermediates were proved by mass spectrometry. Zinc oxide was found as the final product of the thermal decomposition performed up to 1,000 K. The antimicrobial activity of the zinc(II) complexes against various strains of bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi has been investigated. It was found that the prepared compounds decreased the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Rhizopus oryzae and Microsporum gypseum, respectively. The most resistant to all tested compounds was probiotic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum. The presence of zinc and ligands in the prepared compounds increased the inhibitory effect compared to sodium salt of prepared compounds and free ligands. 相似文献
148.
Barbora Kučerová Lenka Krčmová Dagmar Solichová Jiří Plíšek Petr Solich 《Journal of separation science》2013,36(14):2223-2230
The reduction of analysis time, cost, and improvement of separation efficiency are the main requirements in the development of high‐throughput assay methods in bioanalysis. It can be achieved either by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) using stationary phases with small particles (<2 μm) at high back pressures or by using opposite direction—monolithic stationary phases with low back pressures. The application of new types of monolithic stationary phases for UHPLC is a novel idea combining these two different paths. The aim of this work was to test the recently introduced second‐generation of monolithic column Chromolith® HighResolution for UHPLC analysis of liposoluble vitamins in comparison with core‐shell and fully porous sub‐2 μm columns with different particle sizes, column lengths, and shapes. The separation efficiency, peak shape, resolution, time of analysis, consumption of mobile phase, and lifetime of columns were calculated and compared. The main purpose of the study was to find a new, not only economical option of separation of liposoluble vitamins for routine practice. 相似文献
149.
Henry Lindemann Marie Kühne Christian Grune Paul Warncke Susanne Hofmann Andreas Koschella Maren Godmann Dagmar Fischer Thorsten Heinzel Thomas Heinze 《Macromolecular bioscience》2020,20(6)
The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are potent drugs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and defined cancer types. However, major drawbacks of HDACi, such as valproic acid (VPA), are limited serum half‐life, side effects and the short circulation time. Thus, the immobilization of VPA in a polysaccharide matrix is used to circumvent these problems and to design a suitable nanocarrier system. Therefore, VPA is covalently attached to cellulose and dextran via esterification with degree of substitution (DS) values of up to 2.20. The resulting hydrophobic polymers are shaped to spherical nanoparticles (NPs) with hydrodynamic diameter between 138 to 221 nm and polydispersity indices from 0.064 to 0.094 by nanoprecipitation and emulsification technique. Lipase treatment of the NPs leads to in vitro release of VPA and hence to an inhibition of HDAC2 activity in a HDAC2 assay. NPs are rapidly taken up by HeLa cells and mainly localize in the cytoplasm. The NPs are hemocompatible and nontoxic as revealed by the shell‐less hen’s egg model. 相似文献
150.