Determination of Tiopronin in Human Plasma by SPE then Reversed-Phase HPLC–UV

An accurate, simple and sensitive method based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection has been developed for determination of tiopronin (TP) in human plasma. TP in plasma was reacted with p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB) to give the TP-p-BPB adduct and this derivative was then extracted from the plasma on a silica gel cartridge. Potential interfering compounds were removed by washing with water, and the TP-p-BPB adduct was then eluted with acetonitrile. The organic phase obtained was evaporated to complete dryness under a stream of nitrogen. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and this solution was injected on to a reversed-phase ODS HPLC column. The mobile phase was usually the ternary mixture acetonitrile–water–trifluoroacetic acid, 40:59.88:0.12 (v/v). The retention times of TP-p-BPB and the internal standard adduct were 14.4 and 17.9 min, respectively. No interfering peaks were encountered in several blank plasma samples examined. The limit of detection for TP was 12 ng mL^?1. Extraction recovery exceeded 70%. The calibration plot for the TP derivative was linear in the range 40?4000 ng mL^?1, regression coefficient 0.9989, and the coefficient of the variation of the points of the calibration plot was below 10%. The method was validated appropriately and successfully applied to the determination of TP in human plasma.     

Catalytic asymmetric cyanosilylation of ketones with chiral Lewis base

The development of broadly applicable and practical catalytic approaches for the enantioselective creation of quaternary stereocenters remains a highly desirable yet challenging goal. In this Communication, we describe a highly enantioselective cyanosilylation of acetal ketones (alpha,alpha-dialkoxy ketones) catalyzed by modified cinchona alkaloids. This reaction is the first highly enantioselective cyanosilylation of ketones catalyzed by an organic chiral Lewis base and is found to be highly efficient with acetal ketones bearing a broad range of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl substituents. This new catalytic asymmetric reaction, coupled with the versatility of the acetal functionality, provides a broadly useful synthetic method for chiral building blocks bearing quaternary stereocenters. Acetal ketones, readily accessible but previously unexplored in asymmetric synthesis, demonstrate unusual reactivity and selectivity toward the nucleophilic cyanosilylation, thereby suggesting that they may be interesting substrates for other catalytic enantioselective reactions.     

Monodisperse thermosensitive particles prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization with microwave irradiation

The emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene (St) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was successfully carried out with microwave irradiation, and the monodisperse thermoresponsive poly(styrene-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(St-co-NIPAAm)) particles with diameters in the range 100–130 nm were prepared. The morphology, size and size distribution of the poly(St-co-NIPAAm) particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), respectively. The results showed that poly(St-co-NIPAAm) particles had spherical morphology, and the poly(St-co-NIPAAm) particles prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization with microwave irradiation were smaller, more uniform than those obtained with conventional heating. The hydrodynamic diameters of poly(St-co-NIPAAm) particles were decreased as the temperature increased from 25 °C to 40 °C, and poly(St-co-NIPAAm) particles collapsed remarkably at 32 °C, which is the lower critical solution temperature of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). The morphology of the assembled poly(St-co–NIPAAm) particles was observed by SEM, it was found that monodisperse poly(St-co-NIPAAm) particles could assemble to form the two-dimensional order structures.     

Electrochemical Determination of Ascorbic Acid at γ-MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Modified Carbon Black Microelectrodes

A carbon black microelectrode modified by -MnO₂ has been prepared. The electrocatalytical oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) at this microelectrode was investigated. The 2nd-order linear scan voltammograms of AA are recorded from –0.5 to 0.5V (vs. SCE). The relationship between the oxidation peak current of AA and its concentration in the range of 1.0×10^–64.0×10^–3molL^–1 is linear. The detection limit (3) was found to be 6.0×10^–7molL^–1. Also, the determination of AA in samples is evaluated, and the results are satisfactory.     

Storage-Reduction of NOx over Combined Catalysts of Pt/Ba/Al2O3-Mn/Ba/Al2O3： Carbon Monoxide as Reductant

Storage-reduction of NOx by carbon monoxide was investigated over combined catalysts of Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3. Combination of Mn/Ba/Al2O3 and Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalysts in different ways showed excellent NOx storage-reduction performance and the content of Pt could be reduced by 50%. Not only the addition of 5Mn/15Ba/Al2O3 to lPt/15Ba/Al2O3 could improve its storage ability, but also enhance the NOx conversion consequently. NOx conversion over the combined catalysts (the combined catalysts I and II) was increased under dynamic lean-rich burn conditions, the maximum NOx conversion increased from 69.4% to respectively 78.8% and 75.7% over two combined catalysts.     

Origins and predictions of stereoselective antibody catalysis: theoretical analysis of Diels-Alder catalysis by 39A11 and its germ-line antibody

The binding of enantiomeric haptens and transition states by the Schultz Diels-Alderase antibody 39A11 and its germ-line antibody were studied theoretically. The mechanisms by which one hapten and one transition state stereoisomer is recognized selectively are explored with docking simulations and quantum mechanical models. Transition states of the relevant Diels-Alder reaction were located with density functional theory. A prediction is made that the stereoselectivity of 39A11 will be achieved by two strategically placed hydrogen bonds and pi-stacking interactions of the maleimide with a binding-site tryptophan, arranged so as to coordinate one enantiomeric transition state. Binding of other ligands by antibody 39A11 and the germ-line antibody has also been investigated. The polyspecific nature of 39A11 and its germ-line precursor was found to originate from the general ability of the binding pockets to achieve hydrophobic binding of small organic substrates. Comparison of the highly homologous progesterone and Diels-Alderase antibodies (DB3, 1E9, and 39A11) highlights the fact that differences of several key residues in the binding pockets are sufficient to confer selectivity for different antigens.     

Radiation polymerization of thermo-sensitive poly (N-vinylcaprolactam)

Temperature-sensitive poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) both in water-soluble state and in gel was prepared by γ-radiation polymerization. The effects of radiation dose, radiation dose rate and monomer concentration on polymerization and the low critical solution temperature characteristics of the polymer were studied. The results show that the polymer prepared within certain radiation dose (beyond 2 kGy) and dose rate range (2–14 Gy/min) has good temperature sensitivity and uniformity.     

连续一级反应的热动力学研究

本文把时间比法引入热动力学研究,建立了连续一级反应的热动力学研究法,并用来研究了一个连续反应体系的热动力学,验证了该方法的正确性.     

脂肪族酰胺二元醇的合成与表征

以ＤＬ－乳酸、ε己内酯及乙二胺和己二胺为原料合成了四种结构的脂肪族酰胺二元醇，并用ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ，ＤＳＣ对酰胺二元醇的结构进行了表征。     

Self-gelatinizable copolymer immobilized glucose biosensor based on prussian blue modified graphite electrode

A novel poly(vinyl alcohol) grafting 4-vinylpyridine self-gelatinizable copolymer was adapted to immobilize glucose oxidase. The reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was detected at a Prussian Blue (PB) modified graphite electrode. A stable and sensitive glucose amperometric biosensor is described. The copolymer is a good biocompatible polymer in which the glucose oxidase retains high activity. Moreover, the copolymer can adhere firmly to the inorganic PB membrane. The sensor showed an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of 18 +/- 0.2 mM and a maximum current density of 1.14 microA cm-2 mM-1. The linear range is from 5 microM to 4.5 mM glucose and the detection limit is 0.5 microM glucose. The catalytic efficiency of PB for the reduction of H2O2 is higher than that for the oxidation of H2O2. Glucose concentrations in serum samples from healthy persons and diabetic patients were determined using the sensor. The results compared well with those provided by the hospital using a spectroscopy method.