掺杂PEDOT：PSS空穴传输层在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)因易于制备、生产成本低和能量转换效率高而受到广泛关注。聚乙撑二氧噻吩-聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT∶PSS)由于具有易低温加工、透光度高和适宜空穴迁移率等特点而成为PSCs中空穴传输层的研究热点。本文简述了倒置PSCs的结构及工作原理,重点介绍了掺杂PEDOT∶PSS空穴传输层在PSCs领域的研究现状。分别从有机化合物掺杂剂、无机化合物掺杂剂和表面活性剂掺杂剂三个类别概述了掺杂PEDOT∶PSS空穴传输层对PSCs性能的影响。最后,对该领域存在的问题提出潜在措施以改善PEDOT∶PSS掺杂层在PSCs中的应用。     

Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Intermolecular C(sp3)−H Insertion Reaction of Quinoid Carbene: A Radical Mechanism

Described herein is an Ir^III/porphyrin-catalyzed intermolecular C(sp³)−H insertion reaction of a quinoid carbene (QC). The reaction was designed by harnessing the hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) reactivity of a metal-QC species with aliphatic substrates followed by a radical rebound process to afford C−H arylation products. This methodology is efficient for the arylation of activated hydrocarbons such as 1,4-cyclohexadienes (down to 40 min reaction time, up to 99 % yield, up to 1.0 g scale). It features unique regioselectivity, which is mainly governed by steric effects, as the insertion into primary C−H bonds is favored over secondary and/or tertiary C−H bonds in the substituted cyclohexene substrates. Mechanistic studies revealed a radical mechanism for the reaction.     

Jet deflection by very weak guide fields during magnetic reconnection

Previous 2D simulations of reconnection using a standard model of initially antiparallel magnetic fields have detected electron jets outflowing from the x point into the ion outflow exhausts. Associated with these jets are extended "outer electron diffusion regions." New PIC simulations with an ion to electron mass ratio as large as 1836 (an H(+) plasma) now show that the jets are strongly deflected and the outer electron diffusion region is broken up by a very weak out-of-plane magnetic guide field, even though the diffusion rate itself is unchanged. Jet outflow and deflection are interpreted in terms of electron dynamics and are compared to recent measurements of jets in the presence of a small guide field in Earth's magnetosheath.     

A polynomial algorithm for no-wait cyclic hoist scheduling in an extended electroplating line

This paper addresses cyclic hoist scheduling in a no-wait electroplating line where a part visits some processing tanks more than once and multiple duplicate tanks are used at some production stages. We prove that such an extended problem can be solved in polynomial time.     

Monolayer Two‐dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET‐based Chemical Sensor

The sensitivity of conventional thin‐film OFET‐based sensors is limited by the diffusion of analytes through bulk films and remains the central challenge in sensing technology. Now, for the first time, an ultrasensitive (sub‐ppb level) sensor is reported that exploits n‐type monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with porous two‐dimensional structures. Thanks to monolayer crystal structure of NDI3HU‐DTYM2 (NDI) and controlled formation of porous structure, a world‐record detection limit of NH₃ (0.1 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the MMC‐OFETs also enabled direct detection of solid analytes of biological amine derivatives, such as dopamine at an extremely low concentration of 500 ppb. The remarkably improved sensing performances of MMC‐OFETs opens up the possibility of engineering OFETs for ultrasensitive (bio)chemical sensing.     

A New Sterically Highly Hindered 7‐Membered Cyclic Nitroxide for the Controlled Living Radical Polymerization

The synthesis of a new sterically highly hindered 7‐membered alkoxyamine, 2,2,7,7‐tetraethyl‐1‐(1‐phenylethoxy)‐1,4‐diazepan‐5‐one ( 4 ), starting from known 2,2,6,6‐tetraethyl‐1‐(1‐phenylethoxy)piperidin‐4‐one ( 3 ) via a Beckmann‐type rearrangement is presented. It is shown that ring‐enlargement by insertion of an NH moiety in going from 3 to 4 leads to a more efficient regulator for nitroxide‐mediated controlled living radical styrene (= ethenylbenzene) and butyl acrylate (= butyl prop‐2‐enoate) polymerization. In addition to the polymerization experiments, kinetic data on the reversible C? O bond homolysis of alkoxyamines 3 and 4 are presented.     

Uniquely pairable graphs

The concept of a k-pairable graph was introduced by Z. Chen [On k-pairable graphs, Discrete Mathematics 287 (2004), 11-15] as an extension of hypercubes and graphs with an antipodal isomorphism. In the present paper we generalize further this concept of a k-pairable graph to the concept of a semi-pairable graph. We prove that a graph is semi-pairable if and only if its prime factor decomposition contains a semi-pairable prime factor or some repeated prime factors. We also introduce a special class of k-pairable graphs which are called uniquely k-pairable graphs. We show that a graph is uniquely pairable if and only if its prime factor decomposition has at least one pairable prime factor, each prime factor is either uniquely pairable or not semi-pairable, and all prime factors which are not semi-pairable are pairwise non-isomorphic. As a corollary we give a characterization of uniquely pairable Cartesian product graphs.     

Two-photon induced optical-power limiting in N-vinylcarbazole tricarbonyl chromium

The nonlinear optical properties of a new organic material, N-vinylcarbazole tricarbonyl chromium, are reported. The large two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient and nonlinear refraction index are measured by an open-aperture Z-scan technique and closed-aperture Z-scan technique, respectively. The sample solution shows excellent optical limiting response.