Statistical fluctuations in hot rotating nuclei

Thermal fluctuations in angular momentum due to excitation is investigated. Shape changes or structural rearrangement are observed as a consequence of fluctuation in second moment of spin. The uncertainty in angular momentum is considerably enhanced due to thermal fluctuation and is strongly dependent on spin and structural changes.     

Alkaloids from rhamnaceae—XXVI : Nummularine -D, -E and -F,new cyclopeptide alkaloids from Zizyphus nummularia

From the benzene extract of the root bark of Zizyphus nummularia three new peptide alkaloids have been isolated: nummularine-D 1, -E 3 and -F 5. All three contain the 14-membered ring system. Nummularine-D is N-desmethyl-integerrenine. Nummularine-E has N,N-dimethylthreonine and nummularine-F has N,N-dimethylglycine as terminal amino-acid, neither of which has been found in such alkaloids before.     

Schnelle radiochemische Trennungen durch Isotopen-und Ionenaustausch an vorgeformten Niederschl?gen

Zusammenfassung Kurzlebige Nuklide können durch schnellen Isotopen-oder Ionenaustausch zwischen ihren Lösungen und vorgeformten Niederschlägen isoliert werden. Dazu wird die Lösung rasch durch eine dünne Niederschlagsschicht gesaugt. An Silberhalogeniden, Caesium-, Barium-und Thalliumverbindungen wird gezeigt, wie sich Herstellung, Menge und Löslichkeit des Niederschlags sowie Zusammensetzung und Kontaktzeit der Lösung auf den Austausch auswirken. In einigen Systemen tragen nicht nur Oberflächenschichten, sondern der gesamte Niederschlag oder der größte Teil davon zum schnellen Austausch bei. Als Anwendung wird eine automatisierte Abtrennung von Brom-und Jodnukliden aus Spaltprodukten durch Austausch an Silberchlorid beschrieben, die 2 sec nach der Bestrahlung beendet ist.

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Summary Short-lived nuclides can be isolated by rapid isotopic and ion exchange between their solutions and preformed precipitates by sucking the solution quickly through a thin layer of the precipitate. It is shown with silver halides, caesium, barium, and thallium compounds how the exchange depends upon the preparation, amount and solubility of the precipitate, and upon the composition and contact time of the solution. In a few systems not only the surface layer but the whole precipitate or most of it is involved in the rapid exchange. As an application an automatic separation procedure is described for bromine and iodine nuclides from fission products by exchange with silver chloride, which can be completed within 2 seconds after irradiation.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Steassmann zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Strassmann danken wir für die Förderung dieser Arbeit, Frau D. Schmidt für ihre Mitarbeit und Herrn Dr. W. Kiefer für die Austauschdaten an Thalliumverbindungen. Weiterhin danken wir dem Bundesministerium für wissenschaftliche Forschung für finanzielle Unterstützung und den Betriebsstäben der Forschungsreaktoren in Frankfurt, München und Mainz sowie des Kaskadenbeschleunigers am hiesigen Institut für zahlreiche Bestrahlungen.     

Spektraluntersuchungen im Gebiet um 1 mm Wellenlänge

Considering the conditions pertinent to the 1 mm wavelength region, an invariant of optical spectrometers — the spectroscopic information flux rate — is derived from the characteristic parameters of the obtainable spectra. This invariant is a comparative measure for the performance of spectroscopic systems differing in design and mode of operation. A transformation formula is derived for the comparison of spectra recorded at different wavelengths.     

Piezoreflection spectra of single crystals of an organic charge transfer complex

Piezoreflectance has been measured for single crystals of an electron donor-acceptor complex, pyromellitic dianhydride-anthracene, over the wavelength region of the charge transfer transition. Stress modulation of the optical reflectance was achieved by cementing single crystals at the center of a PZT disk which was set into resonant radial oscillation. Spectra were obtained with a microspectroreflectometer with light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the c axis of the crystal for the (010) face. An enhancement of structure over that of the single crystal spectrum is observed. The observed piezoreflection is found to resemble the numerically calculated first derivative of the unmodulated reflection spectrum but this structure is somewhat blue-shifted from the calculated curve. These results are discussed in terms of Mulliken's theory of electron donor-acceptor complexes.     

Event-by-event fluctuations of the Kaon-to-Pion ratio in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

We present the first measurement of fluctuations from event to event in the production of strange particles in collisions of heavy nuclei. The ratio of charged kaons to charged pions is determined for individual central Pb+Pb collisions. After accounting for the fluctuations due to detector resolution and finite number statistics we derive an upper limit on genuine nonstatistical fluctuations, which could be related to a first- or second-order QCD phase transition. Such fluctuations are shown to be very small.