Highly Curved Bowl‐Shaped Fragments of Fullerenes: Synthesis,Structural Analysis,and Physical Properties

Highly curved buckybowls 3 , 4 , and 5 were synthesized from planar precursors, fluoranthenes 8 , benzo[k]fluoranthenes 10 and naphtho[1,2‐k]‐cyclopenta[cd]fluoranthenes 12 , respectively, using straightforward palladium‐catalyzed cyclization reactions. These fluoranthene‐based starting materials were easily prepared from 1,8‐bis(arylethynyl)naphthalenes 6 . Both buckybowls 3 and 4 are fragments of C₆₀, whereas 5 is a unique subunit of C₇₀. The curved structures were identified by X‐ray crystallography, and they are deep bowls. The maximum π‐orbital axis vector (POAV) pyramidalization angle in both 3 and 4 is 12.8°. Such a high curvature is very rarely obtained. Buckybowls 5 are less curved than the others because they have a lower density of five‐membered rings, analogous to the tube portion of C₇₀. Cyclopentaannulation increases the bowl depths of 3 and 4 , but not the maximum POAV pyramidalization angle. Among the eight buckybowls studied herein, five form polar crystals. The bowl‐to‐bowl inversion dynamics of these buckybowls can be classified into two types; one has a planar transition structure, whereas the other has an S‐shaped transition structure. A larger longitudinal length of these buckybowls corresponds to a stronger preference for the latter. The photophysical properties of these buckybowls were examined and compared with those of C₆₀ and C₇₀. Buckybowls 5 have absorption bands at wavelengths greater than 450 nm, which are similar to those of C₇₀. The chiral resolution of the mono‐substituted buckybowl 4 ac was also studied by using HPLC with a chiral column.     

甲基绿褪色光度法测定琥乙红霉素

在pH 7.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,琥乙红霉素和甲基绿在50℃下可以反应形成稳定的离子缔合物。冷却至室温后以水做参比测定体系的吸收光谱,发现琥乙红霉素溶液在550~670 nm几乎无吸收,甲基绿在此区域有强烈的吸收,甲基绿与琥乙红霉素生成的离子缔合物的吸光度与甲基绿相比有明显降低,最大褪色波长在634 nm附近,且吸光度变化ΔA与琥乙红霉素的浓度成正比。琥乙红霉素的质量浓度在0.0009~0.1530 mg/mL范围内服从Beer定律,线性回归方程为:A=-3.037ρ+0.0355,r=0.9995;对10.00 mL 5.0×10-3mg/mL琥乙红霉素测定6次,RSD=0.6%,在634 nm测得ε=6.19×104L·mol-1·cm-1。研究了琥乙红霉素-甲基绿反应体系的光谱特性、反应的影响因素、共存物质的影响,做了反应的条件优化实验,对所建立的方法进行了一些初步的分析应用。在实验基础上,建立了测定琥乙红霉素的褪色分光光度法,检出限为0.21μg/mL,可用于琥乙红霉素片中琥乙红霉素含量的测定。     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法分析纺织品中致癌芳香胺

采用表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法(DAPCI-MS),建立了一种能直接对棉布等纺织品表面8种致癌芳香胺快速进行定性定量检测的方法。实验结果表明,在无需样品预处理的情况下,方法仍然能够保持相对较高的灵敏度,检出限0.02~0.58 pg/mm2,相对标准偏差1.8%~4.3%,回收率78.4%~90.7%。单个样品的检测时间不超过30 s。DAPCI-MS技术适合分析各种材料表面,包括丝绸、麻、羊毛以及各种化纤制品。     

毛细管电泳-紫外检测法同时测定食品中的葡萄糖和多种糖醇

建立了食品中葡萄糖、半乳糖醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇和麦芽糖醇的毛细管电泳-紫外检测同时测定方法。食品中的葡萄糖和糖醇在硼砂碱性介质中与硼酸根结合形成阴离子配合物后,在添加了电渗流改性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的硼砂缓冲液(pH 9.2)中进行快速电泳分离,紫外检测器于195 nm处检测。在优化的条件下,7种物质在12 min内基线分离,标准曲线线性良好(r>0.999),检出限均低于0.1g/L,加标回收率为81.6%~120%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6%。方法适用于食品中葡萄糖和多种常见糖醇的同时检测。     

藻红B褪色分光光度法测定盐酸普萘洛尔

在pH 4.5的BR缓冲溶液中,藻红B与盐酸普萘洛尔反应形成1∶1的离子缔合物,使藻红B褪色,其最大褪色波长在522 nm。盐酸普萘洛尔浓度在0.15~6.24μg/mL范围内遵循比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.85×104L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限46 ng/mL。方法可用于片剂及尿样中盐酸普萘洛尔的测定。     

丙烯聚合催化剂载体中碳对镁含量分析的影响

采用ICP-MS以无水氯化镁、碳镁摩尔为5~8:1的氯化镁醇合物丙烯聚合催化剂载体和碳镁摩尔比为12:1的六乙醇合氯化镁为对象,分别在普通模式、He模式下采用外标曲线加内标校正法和He模式下标准加入法测定其中的镁含量,并取几个典型样品采用ICP-OES进行镁含量测定。考察了采用ICP-MS测定丙烯聚合催化剂载体中镁含量时碳可能产生的影响。实验结果表明,对于碳镁摩尔比从5~8∶1到12∶1样品,碳对镁含量分析的影响均很小,其镁含量均可以在普通模式下采用外标曲线加内标校正法进行快速、简单、准确的测定。     

ω-芋螺毒素的定量构效关系与虚拟筛选

ω-芋螺毒素属于海洋生物活性多肽,由24-31个氨基酸残基组成.特异性作用于电压敏感的钙离子通道(VGCCs),能够直接开发成药物或作为先导化合物进行新药开发.本文应用新型氨基酸残基结构描述符cscales和遗传偏最小二乘算法,对ω-芋螺毒素进行定量构效关系(QSAR)研究,并设计、构建了容量为2244个化合物的N-型和P/Q-型VGCC拮抗剂虚拟组合多肽库,然后分别采用QSAR模型预测和相似性搜索方法对组合多肽库进行了虚拟筛选.研究结果表明,建立的N-型和P/Q-型VGCC拮抗剂QSAR模型均具有较好的预测能力,交叉验证相关系数(CV-r2)均大于0.89.主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,虚拟组合多肽库中化合物具有较好的结构多样性和差异性.通过虚拟筛选,得到了具有高预测活性的6个N-型和19个P/Q-型钙离子通道拮抗剂,为进一步的合成和活性评价奠定了理论基础.同时,本文建立的多肽QSAR预测模型和虚拟筛选策略,为其它多肽类化合物的定量构效关系研究和虚拟筛选提供了参考.     

A Protic Ionic Liquid Catalyzes CO2 Conversion at Atmospheric Pressure and Room Temperature: Synthesis of Quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones

The chemical fixation of CO₂ under mild reaction conditions is of significance from a sustainable chemistry viewpoint. Herein a CO₂‐reactive protic ionic liquid (PIL), [HDBU⁺][TFE^?], was designed by neutralization of the superbase 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) with a weak proton donor trifluoroethanol (TFE). As a bifunctional catalyst for simultaneously activating CO₂ and the substrate, this PIL displayed excellent performance in catalyzing the reactions of CO₂ with 2‐aminobenzonitriles at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, thus producing a series of quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones in excellent yields.     

双柱双检测器-气相色谱法同时测定污染土壤中的有机氯和多氯联苯

采用双柱和双检测器-气相色谱法测定了污染土壤中23种有机氯农药(OCP′s)和7组亚老哥尔。取20g自然风干粒径小于0.30mm的土壤样品,用二氯甲烷超声萃取3次,提取液于40℃吹氮浓缩并转换成正己烷溶液,浓缩至1mL。仅测定亚老哥尔时用浓硫酸净化法;仅测定OCP′s时用弗罗里硅土小柱或硅胶净化;同时测定OCP′s和亚老哥尔时,用硅胶小柱分步洗脱净化。样品的浓缩液中如存在大分子干扰物,则用GPC净化。经净化的试液浓缩至1mL供气相色谱分析。OCP′s根据标准溶液在双柱上的保留时间定性,外标法定量;对亚老哥尔,每组选3~5个校准峰,与基准谱图拟合定性,以校准峰的平均值进行定量。OCP′s和亚老哥尔的检出限依次为0.001,0.002 5~0.005mg·kg-1,平均回收率依次在82.1%~103%,83.5%~94.7%之间。