Optimisation of wort volatile analysis by headspace solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

The aim of this study was to create a simple, solventless technique without derivatisation in order to analyze a broad range of volatiles in beer wort. A method was developed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The procedure was optimised by selection of the appropriate fibre and optimisation of extraction temperature, extraction time, and salting-out. The detection limits were well below the actual wort concentrations of the selected volatiles, ranging from 12 ng/l for linalool to 0.53 microg/l for furfural. Moreover, the procedure showed a good linearity and was applied to the analysis of wort samples taken from a wort boiling process in an industrial brewery.     

Kinetic isotope effects implicate the iron-oxene as the sole oxidant in P450-catalyzed N-dealkylation

Multiple oxidants have been implicated as playing a role in cytochrome P450-mediated oxidations. Herein, we report results on N-dealkylation, one of the most facile reactions mediated by P450 enzymes. We have employed the N-oxides of a series of para-substituted 13C2H2-labeled N,N-dimethylanilines to function as both substrates and surrogate oxygen atom donors for P450cam and P4502E1. Kinetic isotope effect profiles obtained using the N-oxide system were found to closely match the profiles produced using the complete NAD(P)H/NAD(P)-P450 reductase/O2 system. The results are consistent with oxidation occurring solely through an iron-oxene species.     

Backward photoproduction of ϱ° and f between 2.8 GeV and 4.8 GeV

A measurement of backward photoproduction of charged pion pairs on protons is reported. The pion pair mass spectrum shows strong ?° and f production. Data are presented on the u and s dependence for ?^O and f, together with the decay polarisation for the ?^O.     

Cure behavior and thermal stability of an epoxy: new bismaleimide blends for composite matrices

A new bismaleimide (BMI) resin was synthesized to formulate epoxy(tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane; TGDDM) – bismaleimide thermoset blends for composite matrix applications. 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) was used as an amine curing agent for the TGDDM. A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to characterize the new BMI resin. Cure behavior of the epoxy–BMI blends was studied using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). DSC thermograms of the thermoset blends indicated two exothermic peaks. The glass transition temperature of the thermoset blends decreased with BMI content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to investigate thermal degradation behavior of the cured epoxy–BMI thermoset blends. The new BMI resin reacted partially with the DDM and weak intercrosslinking polymer networks were formed during cure of the thermoset blends.     

地质样品中铪等八个元素的测定

提出一个测定地质样品中痕量Hf等七个元素的新方法。样品先经HF煮解,使大多数组分转化成氟化物,使被测元素提前蒸发,降低检出限,并发现在氟化物体系中,几族元素谱线强度反比于配分函数,符合波尔茨曼分布律。     

Observation of a baryon exchange dip and parton effects in backward photoproduction of ω

A measurement of backward photoproduction of omega mesons on protons is reported. Data are presented which show a dip in the differential cross section at u = ?0.15 (GeV/c)² and an s dependence which varies strongly with u. The s dependence suggests an incoherent sum of a Regge and a parton term and differential cross sections for the two components are presented.