Turbulent kinetic energy balance in a LEBU modified turbulent boundary layer

An experimental study of the turbulent kinetic energy balance is performed in a LEBU manipulated turbulent boundary layer. The estimation of almost all the terms of the k-equation is obtained by hot wire anemometry. Near the manipulating device, strong alterations are observed, when compared with the natural conditions. The wake of the manipulator imposes two distinct zones. The lower part is characterized by negligible production compensated by diffusion, while, in the outer part, a large excess of production is balanced by diffusion and dissipation. The excess of dissipation rapidly vanishes downstream. The relaxation process is slower for production and diffusion.A version of this paper was presented at the 11th Symposium on Turbulence, University of Missouri-Rolla, Oct. 17–19, 1988     

Isoprene–Styrene Chain Shuttling Copolymerization Mediated by a Lanthanide Half‐Sandwich Complex and a Lanthanidocene: Straightforward Access to a New Type of Thermoplastic Elastomers

A lanthanide half‐sandwich complex and a ansa lanthanidocene have been assessed for isoprene–styrene chain shuttling copolymerization with n‐butylethylmagnesium (BEM). In the presence of 1 equiv BEM, a fully amorphous multiblock microstructure of soft and hard segments is achieved. The microstructure consists of poly(isoprene‐co‐styrene) blocks, with hard blocks rich in styrene and soft blocks rich in isoprene. The composition of the blocks and the resulting glass transition temperatures (T_g) can be easily modified by changing the feed and/or the relative amount of the catalysts, highlighting a new class of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) with tunable transition temperatures. The materials self‐organize into nanostructures in the solid state.     

Nanozeolite‐LTL with GdIII Deposited in the Large and EuIII in the Small Cavities as a Magnetic Resonance Optical Imaging Probe

The immense structural diversity of more than 200 known zeolites is the basis for the wide variety of applications of these fascinating materials ranging from catalysis and molecular filtration to agricultural uses. Despite this versatility, the potential of zeolites in medical imaging has not yet been much exploited. In this work a novel strategy is presented to selectively deposit different ions into distinct framework locations of zeolite‐LTL (Linde type L) and it is demonstrated that the carefully ion‐exchanged Gd/Eu‐containing nanocrystals acquire exceptional magnetic properties in combination with enhanced luminescence. This smart exploitation of the framework structure yields the highest relaxivity density (13.7 s^?1 L g^?1 at 60 MHz and 25 °C) reported so far for alumosilicates, rendering these materials promising candidates for the design of dual magnetic resonance/optical imaging probes, as demonstrated in preliminary phantom studies.     

Observational cosmology within the ESA science programme

Summary Several missions of the Science Programme of ESA aim at tackling issues of direct relevance to fundamental questions of modern cosmology. In this paper we are following the arrow of time on a simplified space-time diagram on which we identify the means of observing back in the past the physical phenomena or the structures which occur or appear at various epochs in the evolution of the Universe. We show how ESA through its science missions can contribute to these observations in a unique way. The missions themselves are not described in detail but we give in the text the relevant bibliographical references. To speed up publication, the proofs were not sent to the authors and were supervised by the Scientific Committee     

A new method for the growth of GaAs epilayer at low H2 pressure

A method of growing thin GaAs epitaxial layers has been perfected by working under low hydrogen pressure. Layers of good crystalline quality can be obtained with a growth rate of 0.1 μm/min for temperatures ranging from 520 to 750°C and pressures ranging from 25 to 600 Torr. By working under low pressure, the various substrate-layer and layer-layer impurity profiles are more abrupt than at atmospheric pressure. Autodoping can be eliminated thus permitting the use of very low resistivity tellurium doped substrates. Good quality microwave components have been realized with the layers obtained by this technique.     

Negative collision energy dependence of Br formation in the OH + HBr reaction

The reaction between HBr and OH leading to H(2)O and Br in its ground state is studied by means of a crossed molecular beam experiment for a collision energy varying from 0.05 to 0.26 eV, the initial OH being selected in the state |JOmega> = |3/2 3/2> by an electrostatic hexapole field. The reaction cross-section is found to decrease with increasing collision energy. This negative dependence suggests that there is no barrier on the potential energy surface for the formation pathway considered. The experimental results are compared with the previously reported quantum scattering calculations of Clary et al. (D. C. Clary, G. Nyman and R. Hernandez, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 101, 3704), and briefly discussed in the light of skewed potential energy surfaces associated with heavy-light-heavy type reactions.     

Vibrational predissociation of van der Waals complexes: Quasi-classical results with Gaussian-weighted trajectories

A detailed application of the Gaussian-weighted trajectory method to the photodissociation of the RgBr₂ (Rg = He, Ne, Ar) van der Waals triatomics is presented. In agreement with previous applications on molecular collisions, the approach significantly enhances the quasi-classical predictions of product state distributions with respect to those obtained with the Standard Binning procedure, especially near a vibrational channel closing. The different molecules studied shed light on the sort of improvement to expect for various densities of vibrational quantum-states involved in the fragmentation process. Extension to larger polyatomic molecules, its possible difficulties and solutions are briefly sketched.     

Nickel(II) chain with alternating end-on/end-to-end single azido bridges: a combined structural, magnetic, and theoretical study

The reaction of a tridentate Schiff base LH (L-: 1,1,1-trifluoro-7-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-5-aza-3-hepten-2-onato) with a Ni(II) salt in the presence of azide salt has led to a new alternating end-on (EO)/end-to-end (EE) azido-bridged Ni(II) chain of formula {[Ni2(micro1,1-N3)(micro1,3-N3)(L)2(MeOH)2]}n. Its originality lies in the presence of single EE and EO coordination modes for the azide. It crystallizes in the C2/c space group, a=21.570(7) A, b=10.79(1) A, c=16.154(5) A, beta=120.81(2) degrees, Z=4. The chain can be viewed as {Ni2(N3)(L)2(MeOH)2}+ dimeric units linked to each other in a zigzag pattern by the other azide. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements have been performed and revealed that the chain can magnetically be depicted as isolated {Ni2(N3)} units exhibiting antiferromagnetic interaction (JAF approximately -37 cm(-1)). Ab initio calculations confirmed the efficient magnetic coupling through the EE bridge and vanishingly small EO {Ni2(micro1,1-N3)} interactions.     

The method of Gaussian weighted trajectories. III. An adiabaticity correction proposal

The addition of an adiabaticity correction (AC) to the Gaussian weighted trajectory (GWT) method and its normalized version (GWT-N) is suggested. This correction simply consists in omitting vibrationally adiabatic nonreactive trajectories in the calculations of final attributes. For triatomic exchange reactions, these trajectories satisfy the criterion Omega not much larger than h, where Omega is a vibrational action defined by Omega=integral -infinity infinity dt(pr-p(0)r(0)), r being the reagent diatom bond length, p its conjugate momentum, and r(0) and p(0) the corresponding variables for the unperturbed diatom (Omega/h bears some analogy with the semiclassical elastic scattering phase shift). The resulting GWT-AC and GWT-ACN methods are applied to the recently studied H(+)+H(2) and H(+)+D(2) reactions and the agreement between their predictions and those of exact quantum scattering calculations is found to be much better than for the initial GWT and GWT-N methods. The GWT-AC method, however, appears to be the most accurate one for the processes considered, in particular, the H(+)+D(2) reaction.