全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13304篇 |
免费 | 1980篇 |
国内免费 | 1581篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 8968篇 |
晶体学 | 199篇 |
力学 | 810篇 |
综合类 | 151篇 |
数学 | 1907篇 |
物理学 | 4830篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 37篇 |
2023年 | 218篇 |
2022年 | 387篇 |
2021年 | 396篇 |
2020年 | 540篇 |
2019年 | 504篇 |
2018年 | 483篇 |
2017年 | 455篇 |
2016年 | 622篇 |
2015年 | 729篇 |
2014年 | 784篇 |
2013年 | 1086篇 |
2012年 | 1195篇 |
2011年 | 1202篇 |
2010年 | 897篇 |
2009年 | 867篇 |
2008年 | 931篇 |
2007年 | 807篇 |
2006年 | 693篇 |
2005年 | 591篇 |
2004年 | 431篇 |
2003年 | 349篇 |
2002年 | 359篇 |
2001年 | 244篇 |
2000年 | 247篇 |
1999年 | 178篇 |
1998年 | 111篇 |
1997年 | 107篇 |
1996年 | 96篇 |
1995年 | 91篇 |
1994年 | 74篇 |
1993年 | 74篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 53篇 |
1989年 | 40篇 |
1988年 | 59篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 34篇 |
1980年 | 39篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 52篇 |
1977年 | 41篇 |
1976年 | 44篇 |
1975年 | 35篇 |
1974年 | 34篇 |
1968年 | 28篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Kan‐Yi Pu Yi Chen Xiao‐Ying Qi Chun‐Yang Qin Qing‐Quan Chen Hong‐Yu Wang Yun Deng Qu‐Li Fan Yan‐Qin Huang Shu‐Juan Liu Wei Wei Bo Peng Wei Huang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(16):3776-3787
In this contribution, we demonstrate a new effective methodology for constructing highly efficient and durable poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) containing emissive material with nonaggregating and hole‐facilitating properties through the introduction of hole‐transporting blocks into the PPE system as the grafting coils as well as building the energy donor–acceptor architecture between the grafting coils and the PPE backbone. Poly(2‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl methacrylate) (PCzEMA), herein, is chosen as the hole‐transporting blocks, and incorporated into the PPE system as the grafting coils via atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the resultant copolymer, PPE‐g‐PCzEMA, was characterized by NMR and gel permeation chromatography, showing that the desirable copolymer was obtained with the narrow polydispersity. The increased thermal stability of PPE‐g‐PCzEMA was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry along with its macroinitiator. The optoelectronic properties of this copolymer were studied in detail by ultraviolet‐visible absorption, photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra, and cyclic voltammogram (CV). The results indicate that PPE‐g‐PCzEMA exhibits the solid‐state luminescent property dominated by individual lumophores, and also the energy transfer process from the PCzEMA blocks to the PPE backbone with a relatively higher energy transfer efficiency in the solid‐state compared to that of the solution state. Additionally, the hole‐injection property is greatly facilitated due to the presence of PCzEMA, as confirmed by CV profiles. All these data indicate that PPE‐g‐PCzEMA is a good candidate for use in optoelectronic devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3776–3787, 2007 相似文献
32.
33.
关于李萨如图形讨论的小结 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对《大学物理》和其它一些刊物上多年来关于李萨如图形的讨论作了归纳和分析。 相似文献
34.
AN ESTIMATE ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND MOMENTS OF THE LAST EXIT TIME OF AN ELLIPTIC DIFFUSION PROCESS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Let LB be the last exit time from a compact set B of an elliptic diffusion process X. A moderate estimate for the distribution of LB is obtained, and the sufficient and necessary condition for Ex(LBk)<∞is proved. 相似文献
35.
Irina N. Savina Bo Mattiasson Igor Yu. Galaev 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(6):1952-1963
Graft polymerization initiated by diperiodatocuprate(III) complex (Cu(III)) initiator was found to be an effective and convenient method for graft polymerization of vinyl monomers onto macroporous polyacrylamide gels, the so‐called cryogels (pAAm‐cryogels). The effect of time, temperature, monomer and initiator concentration during the graft polymerization in aqueous and aqueous‐organic media was studied. The graft polymerization of water‐soluble monomers as [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]‐trimethylammonium chloride, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N‐isopropylacrylamide, and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide proceeds with higher grafting yield in aqueous medium, as compared with that in aqueous‐organic media. Graft polymerization in aqueous‐organic media such as water–DMSO solutions allows grafting of water‐insoluble monomers such as glycidyl methacrylate and N‐tert‐butylacrylamide with high grafting degrees of 100 and 410%, respectively. It was found that the deposition of initiator on the pore surface of cryogels promoted graft polymerization by facilitating the formation of the redox couple Cu(III)‐acrylamide group. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1952–1963, 2006 相似文献
36.
A double hydrophilic block copolymer composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) was obtained through hydrolysis of diblock copolymer of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and P4VP synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. Water‐soluble micelles with PAA core and P4VP corona were observed at low (acidic) pH, while micelles with P4VP core and PAA corona were formed at high (basic) pH. Two metalloporphyrins, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), were used as model compounds to investigate the encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules by both types of micelles. UV–vis spectroscopic measurements indicate that micelles with P4VP core are able to entrap more ZnTPP and CoTPP as a result of the axial coordination between the transition metals and the pyridine groups. The study found that metalloporphyrins encapsulated by the micelles with PAA core could be released on pH increase, while those entrapped by the micelles with P4VP core could be released on pH decrease. This behavior originates from the two‐way pH change‐induced disruption of PAA‐b‐P4VP micelles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1734–1744, 2006 相似文献
37.
线圈型全光纤偏振器的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文采用等效电流法对线圈型全光纤偏振器进行了分析计算.对应于保偏光纤中两正交传输基模的消光比,提出了一种分析保偏光纤弯曲损耗的新方法,这种方法基于将保偏光纤两个不同偏振模式分别等效为两个普通圆光纤的基模,等效参数通过测量不同偏振模式的模场半径来确定.实验证明这种理论计算方法与实验结果一致.最终,我们研制出的线圈型光纤偏振器在1.31μm工作波长下,实测消光比达30dB以上,工作偏振模式插入损耗≤3dB. 相似文献
38.
Z. Kožíšek 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1990,40(6):592-604
The kinetic equation of the classical homogeneous nucleation theory is rewritten in dimensionless form and it is shown that the numerical computation of the dimensionless kinetic equation is approximately 20 times faster in comparison with the original kinetic equation. The results are compared with known analytical results and with previous numerical results in the case of the constant and variable temperature for the model Li2O.2 SiO2 melt. It is shown, e.g., that under non-isothermal conditions the nucleation rate is greater than the quasistationary nucleation rate and the cluster distribution function is greater than the corresponding quasiequilibrium cluster distribution function. 相似文献
39.
In this paper we investigate the effects of gravitational waves (GW) on a superconducting cylindrical antenna (S-antenna). We suggest that the electric fields induced by GW of dimensionless amplitudeh - 10–24 in the interior of existing cylindrical antenna might be detectable. 相似文献
40.
The dynamical system approach is applied to the study of dynamics of multidimensional cosmological models with topology FRW ×T
D (D-dimensional torus) in the presence of high-temperature quantum effects. The stability methods developed in the paper of Szydowski (Gen. Rel. Grav.,20, 221, 1988) are used in the analysis of typical states of the metric in the neighborhood of singularities and for large time values. The problems of dynamical dimensional reduction, structure of singularities, isotropization, etc., are discussed in this context. 相似文献