全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25996篇 |
免费 | 4562篇 |
国内免费 | 3684篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 19252篇 |
晶体学 | 409篇 |
力学 | 1486篇 |
综合类 | 245篇 |
数学 | 2442篇 |
物理学 | 10408篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 74篇 |
2023年 | 456篇 |
2022年 | 881篇 |
2021年 | 963篇 |
2020年 | 1082篇 |
2019年 | 1058篇 |
2018年 | 959篇 |
2017年 | 878篇 |
2016年 | 1312篇 |
2015年 | 1304篇 |
2014年 | 1542篇 |
2013年 | 2056篇 |
2012年 | 2457篇 |
2011年 | 2467篇 |
2010年 | 1728篇 |
2009年 | 1739篇 |
2008年 | 1831篇 |
2007年 | 1667篇 |
2006年 | 1550篇 |
2005年 | 1369篇 |
2004年 | 1047篇 |
2003年 | 821篇 |
2002年 | 886篇 |
2001年 | 669篇 |
2000年 | 511篇 |
1999年 | 478篇 |
1998年 | 404篇 |
1997年 | 336篇 |
1996年 | 288篇 |
1995年 | 242篇 |
1994年 | 204篇 |
1993年 | 167篇 |
1992年 | 163篇 |
1991年 | 150篇 |
1990年 | 101篇 |
1989年 | 72篇 |
1988年 | 51篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 31篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1936年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) are advantageous large-scale energy-storage devices because of the high abundance and high safety, but exploring high-performance cathodes remains the largest difficulty for their development. Compared with oxides and sulfides, selenides show better Mg-storage performance because the weaker interaction with the Mg2+ cation favors fast kinetics. Herein, nanorod-like FeSe2 was synthesized and investigated as a cathode for RMBs. Compared with microspheres and microparticles, nanorods exhibit higher capacity and better rate capability with a smaller particle size. The FeSe2 nanorods show a high capacity of 191 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a good rate performance of 39 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. Ex situ characterizations demonstrate the Mg2+ intercalation mechanism for FeSe2, and a slight conversion reaction occurs on the surface of the particles. The capacity fading is mainly because of the dissolution of Fe2+, which is caused by the reaction between Fe2+ and Cl− of the electrolyte during the charge process on the surface of the particles. The surface of FeSe2 is mainly selenium after long cycling, which may also dissolve in the electrolyte during cycling. The present work develops a new type of Mg2+ intercalation cathode for RMBs. More importantly, the fading mechanism revealed herein has considered the specificity of Mg battery electrolyte and would assist a better understanding of selenide cathodes for RMBs. 相似文献
992.
Dr. Lanjie Lei Prof. Chao Zhao Dr. Xiaofei Zhu Mr. Shuai Yuan Dr. Xing Dong Dr. Yinxiu Zuo Prof. Hong Liu 《Electroanalysis》2022,34(2):415-422
We report on a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for wearable glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid. The sensor exhibited acceptable selectivity and reliability for continuous glucose detection for up to 30 days. The sensor tip is coated with polyurethane, and the biocompatibility of the tip is investigated by tissue staining. A fully integrated wearable glucose monitoring system is developed with a wireless connection with a smartphone. The test results are in agreement with reference methods. So, we believe the sensor is promising for the development of a continuous glucose monitoring system and diabetes management. 相似文献
993.
Electrochemical glucose sensors have garnered considerable attention because of their attractive prospect in point-of-care testing (POCT). In this review, we firstly introduce the principles and challenges of electrochemical glucose sensors. Subsequently, we present an overview of the application of electrochemical glucose sensors and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Wearable and implantable devices based on diverse target biofluid and platforms provide a considerable prospect of accurate and continuous monitoring. Thus, we believe that the future development direction of electrochemical glucose sensors is non-invasive, wearable devices and implantable devices with minimally invasive for continuous glucose monitoring in real time. 相似文献
994.
Ting Li Hui Dong Yuanqiang Hao Yintang Zhang Shu Chen Maotian Xu Yanli Zhou 《Electroanalysis》2022,34(6):956-965
Near-infrared (NIR) light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing is a highly promising analytical technique, especially for in situ bioanalysis, due to the deep penetration capability and minimal invasiveness of NIR light. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of recently developed NIR PEC sensors, focusing on NIR light-responsive materials and the representative applications of this type of PEC sensor. Future perspectives for NIR PEC sensors are also described. 相似文献
995.
Youwen Rong Dr. Tianfu Liu Jiaqi Sang Dr. Rongtan Li Dr. Pengfei Wei Dr. Hefei Li Dr. Aiyi Dong Prof. Dr. Li Che Prof. Dr. Qiang Fu Prof. Dr. Dunfeng Gao Prof. Dr. Guoxiong Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(45):e202309893
Electrochemically converting CO2 to valuable chemicals holds great promise for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. Owing to complex reaction pathways and shared rate-determining steps, directing the selectivity of CO2/CO electrolysis to a specific multicarbon product is very challenging. We report here a strategy for highly selective production of acetate from CO electrolysis by constructing metal-organic interfaces. We demonstrate that the Cu-organic interfaces constructed by in situ reconstruction of Cu complexes show very impressive acetate selectivity, with a high Faradaic efficiency of 84.2 % and a carbon selectivity of 92.1 % for acetate production, in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer. The maximum acetate partial current density and acetate yield reach as high as 605 mA cm−2 and 63.4 %, respectively. Thorough structural characterizations, control experiments, operando Raman spectroscopy measurements, and density functional theory calculation results indicate that the Cu-organic interface creates a favorable reaction microenvironment that enhances *CO adsorption, lowers the energy barrier for C−C coupling, and facilitates the formation of CH3COOH over other multicarbon products, thus rationalizing the selective acetate production. 相似文献
996.
Luyi Chen Ping Xiao Bin Hu Yiwen Wang Jianmao Yang Jianyun Liu 《Electroanalysis》2023,35(5):e202200521
3-dimensional (3D) Fe−Co−LDH/MXene composite was synthesized by in-situ synthesis and assembly of Fe−Co−LDH rod around MXene under hydrothermal condition. Due to the unique 3D configuration and good conductivity, the obtained Fe−Co−LDH/MXene modified glassy carbon electrode (Fe−Co−LDH/MXene/GCE) showed excellent electrochemical activity for As(III) detection. Via square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry, the response current on Fe−Co−LDH/MXene/GCE had good linear relationship with As(III) concentrations (1∼1000 ppt) with superior sensitivity (0.22 μA ppt−1 cm−2) and low detection limit (0.9 ppt). The mechanism of As(III) adsorption was demonstrated. The electrode showed excellent anti-interference ability. Real water sample analysis demonstrated the Fe−Co−LDH/MXene/GCE was deployable in aqua-system. 相似文献
997.
The excellent photocatalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with NaBH4 in the aqueous medium is still a big challenge. Herein, we report a facile one-pot evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method to synthesize a series of CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites. The as-synthesized CuO/TiO2 photocatalysts exhibit remarkable catalytic activity under direct sunlight in selective hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) due to the synergistic interaction of guest copper nanoparticles with host titanium dioxide (TiO2) species. Especially, 5 wt% CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite revealed superior reaction rate constant (k) value (0.306 min−1) when compared to 3 wt% CuO/TiO2 (0.192 min−1) and 7 wt% CuO/TiO2 (0.240 min−1). Moreover, several characterization techniques (XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, DRS, and XPS) were executed to deeply investigate the effect of copper content on the bulk and interfacial properties of the catalysts. The characterization results proved that the superior photocatalytic hydrogenation over 5 wt% CuO/TiO2 catalyst can be ascribed to moderate CuO loading as well as even dispersion of CuO species on the surface of active TiO2 host, which can largely improve the light absorption ability within visible light region. Besides, the 5 wt% CuO/TiO2 catalyst exhibits remarkable recyclability and durability, retaining its superior activity (above 95%) up to several repeating cycles, proving its practical applicability for hydrogenation reactions at domestic and industrial levels. 相似文献
998.
Hongwu Jiang Kaiwen Li Shuangfeng Dong Prof. Zhuqi Chen Prof. Guochuan Yin 《European journal of organic chemistry》2023,26(35):e202300598
Transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative C−H amination reactions are among the most attractive topics in organic synthesis to construct nitrogen-containing motifs. The challenge is that most of these reactions employed stoichiometric oxidants to achieve satisfied catalytic efficiencies. Herein, we report a Pd(II)/LA-catalyzed (LA: Lewis acid) oxidative C−H amination reaction of 2-acetaminobiphenyls to construct carbazoles by using dioxygen balloon as the sole oxidant source, and the presence of LA sharply improved the catalytic efficiency of Pd(OAc)2. Remarkably, in certain cases, the deacetylation of the annulation product happened under standard conditions to afford free carbazoles as the final product. The H/D exchange studies confirmed the reversibility of C−H activation and also disclosed multiple C−H activation sites by using −NAc and −NTs as the directing groups. In addition, the palladacycle compound was identified through 1H NMR characterizations and proved to be the intermediate prior to the carbazole formation. 相似文献
999.
Dr. Pengyang Xin Linqi Xu Wenpei Dong Linlin Mao Prof. Jingjing Guo Dr. Jingjing Bi Dr. Shouwei Zhang Yan Pei Prof. Chang-Po Chen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(8):e202217859
Different types of natural K+ channels share similar core modules and cation permeability characteristics. In this study, we have developed novel artificial K+ channels by rebuilding the core modules of natural K+ channels in artificial systems. All the channels displayed high selectivity for K+ over Na+ and exhibited a selectivity sequence of K+≈Rb+ during the transport process, which is highly consistent with the cation permeability characteristics of natural K+ channels. More importantly, these artificial channels could be efficiently inserted into cell membranes and mediate the transmembrane transport of K+, disrupting the cellular K+ homeostasis and eventually triggering the apoptosis of cells. These findings demonstrate that, by rebuilding the core modules of natural K+ channels in artificial systems, the structures, transport behaviors, and physiological functions of natural K+ channels can be mimicked in synthetic channels. 相似文献
1000.
本文用热处理法成功地制备了性能稳定的Eastman-Kodak AQ/GC修饰电极,对Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)及其络合阳离子在该电极上的行为进行了研究。表明AQ膜对Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)具有相近的交换能力,可用于Fe~(3+)或Fe~(2+)及其总量的阴极溶出伏安法测定。线性范围分别为2.0×10~(-7)~2.2×10~(-5)mol/L(Fe~(3+))和5.0×10~(-7)~2.0×10~(-5)mol/L(Fe~(2+)),检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L(Fe~(3+))。文中对电极反应和再生进行了探讨。 相似文献