Ferroptosis: A New Road towards Cancer Management

Ferroptosis is a recently described programmed cell death mechanism that is characterized by the buildup of iron (Fe)-dependent lipid peroxides in cells and is morphologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct from other forms of cell death, having emerged to play an important role in cancer biology. Ferroptosis has significant importance during cancer treatment because of the combination of factors, including suppression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), cysteine deficiency, and arachidonoyl (AA) peroxidation, which cause cells to undergo ferroptosis. However, the physiological significance of ferroptosis throughout development is still not fully understood. This current review is focused on the factors and molecular mechanisms with the diagrammatic illustrations of ferroptosis that have a role in the initiation and sensitivity of ferroptosis in various malignancies. This knowledge will open a new road for research in oncology and cancer management.     

Environmentally Benign Synthesis of 2-Pyrazolines and Cyclohexenones Incorporating Naphthalene Moiety and Their Antimicrobial Evaluation

We reported the environmental benign synthesis of chalcones,2-pyrazolines and cyclohexanones under microwave irradiation.Chalcones were obtained by the condensation of each of 2-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives with a-naphthaldehyde under microwave irradiation.The condensation reactions of each of synthesized chalcones with phenyl hydrazine under microwave irradiation in the presence of dry acetic acid as a cyclizing agent gave 2-pyrazolines.Also,the new cyclohexenone derivatives,valuable intermediates to synthesize fused heterocycles,have been prepared by the cyclocondensation of each of hydroxychalcones with ethyl acetoacetate.The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by infrared（IR） spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）,mass spectrometry（MS） and elmental analysis.The results indicate that unlike classical heating,microwave irradiation results in higher yields with shorter and cleaner reactions.The synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Candida Albicans and Aspergillus niger.We clarified the effects of different substituents in the tested compounds on the obtaind antibacterial activities and antifungal activities.     

生物催化进展:从计算到代谢工程（英文）

经过数次技术研究和超常创新战略的大发展,生物催化逐渐达到工业化水平,从而受到人们特别的关注.基于酶值,通过生物途径生产高附加值化合物和精细工业化学品成为人们最感兴趣的领域之一.更广泛的众多生物化学路线可由酶催化来实现,其中还有一些酶尚未被人们发现.另一方面,由于非同源底物和某些化学过程所必需的苛刻条件,导致酶催化过程的效率低、稳定性差,因而限制了生物催化的应用.因此,开发具有多催化特征、更高效率和稳定性的绿色催化剂,成为生物催化的重中之重.计算科学、代谢工程、合成生物,以及机器学习路线的运用为新催化剂的工程化提供了新方法.本文重点介绍了合成生物学和代谢工程在催化中的作用,讨论了用于催化的机器学习算法和如何选择一种预测蛋白质-配体相互作用的算法;为了预测键合和催化功能,综述了分子对接的重要性;最后给出了结束语、未来挑战和前景展望.     

Some Inequalities Concerning the Polar Derivative of a Polynomial-II

In this paper, we consider the class of polynomials P（z）= anz^n＋ ∑vn=μan-vz^n-v,1≤μ≤n , having all zeros in ｜z｜≤k, k ≤1 and thereby present an alternative proof, independent of Laguerre＇s theorem, of an inequality concerning the polar derivative of a polynomial.     

Structural and optoelectronic properties of amorphous GaN thin films

Amorphous gallium nitride (a-GaN) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique at room temperature and high vacuum using N ₂ as carrier gas. The structural properties of the films was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was clear from XRD spectra and SEM study that the GaN thin films were amorphous. The absorbance, transmittance and reflectance spectra of these films were measured in the wavelength range of 300–2200 nm. The absorption coefficient spectral analysis in the sharp absorption region revealed a direct band gap of E _g = 3:1 eV. The data analysis allowed the determination of the dispersive optical parameters by calculating the refractive index. The oscillator energy E ₀ and the dispersion energy E _d, which is a measure of the average strength of inter-band optical transition or the oscillator strength, were determined. Electrical conductivity of a-GaN was measured in a different range of temperatures. Then, activation energy of a-GaN thin films was calculated which equalled E _a = 0:434 eV.     

A new liquid membrane electrode for determination of vitamin B1 in multivitamin preparations

Summary A new liquid membrane electrode was developed which is highly selective and sensitive for vitamin B₁. It is based on the thiamine-picrolonate ion-pair complex as an electroactive material in nitrobenzene solvent. The electrode has a remarkable selectivity for vitamin B₁ in the presence of vitamins B₂, B₆, B₁₂ and nicotinamide. The results obtained for the determination of vitamin B₁ in various multivitamin preparations at levels as low as 1 g/ml show an average recovery of 98% (mean standard deviation 1.8%) and are favourably compared with those obtained by the official methods.

---

Neue Flüssig-Membranelektrode zur Bestimmung von Vitamin B₁ in Multivitaminpräparaten

Zusammenfassung Eine neue, für Vitamin B₁ hochselektive Flüssig-Membranelektrode wurde entwickelt. Sie beruht auf dem Thiamin-Picrolonat-Ionenpaarkomplex als elektroaktives Material im Lösungsmittel Nitrobenzol. Die Elektrode besitzt eine beachtliche Selektivität für Vitamin B₁ in Gegenwart der Vitamine B₂, B₆, B₁₂ und Nicotinamid. Bei Bestimmungen in verschiedenen Multivitaminpräparaten mit Konzentrationen bis herab zu 1 g/ml erhielt man eine durchschnittliche Wiederfindung von 98% (mittlere Standardabweichung 1,8%). Die erhaltenen Resultate zeigen gute Übereinstimmung mit den nach amtlichen Methoden erhaltenen Werten.

     

Spectrophotometric determination of phosphorus and arsenic in pharmaceutical organic compounds

Summary A simple and accurate method is described for the microdeter-mination of phosphorus and arsenic in some pharmaceutical organic compounds. It is based on the conversion of phosphorus and arsenic into phosphate and arsenate ions respectively, followed by precipitation with quinoline and sodium molybdate reagents. The excess quinoline in the supernatant is spectrophotometrically measured at 312.5 nm in an ammonium acetate background of pH 5.5. The results obtained with 24 structurally different phosphorus and arsenic compounds show an average recovery of 99% and a mean standard deviation of ±1%. Excipients and diluents normally used in drug formulations do not interfere.

---

Spektrophotometrische Bestimmung von Phosphor und Arsen in organischen Arzneimitteln

Zusammenfassung Eine einfache und genaue Methode zur Mikrobestimmung von Phosphor und Arsen in einigen organischen Arzneimitteln wurde angegeben. Sie beruht auf der Umsetzung des Phosphors zu Phosphat und des Arsens zu Arsenat sowie deren Fällung mit Chinolin und Natriummolybdat. Der Chinolinüberschuß wird spektrophotometrisch bei 312,5 nm in Ammonium-acetat bei pH 5,5 gemessen. Die mit 24 strukturell verschiedenen Phosphorbzw. Arsenverbindungen erhaltenen Resultate ergaben eine durchschnittliche Wiederfindungsrate von 99% und eine rel. Standardabweichung von ±1%. Arzneimittelträger und Verdünnungsmittel stören nicht.

     

Microdetermination of divalent sulphur in aliphatic compounds by visual titrimetry,potentiometry, and atomic absorption spectrometry

Summary Divalent sulphur in structurally different aliphatic compounds including thiols, sulphides, disulphides and thiocarbonyls is selectively determined by reaction with solid potassium hydroxide at 250–280° for 5–10 min, followed by addition of alkali plumbite whereby lead sulphide is stoichiometrically formed. The excess lead ions are measured by: (a) atomic absorption spectrometry at 217 nm; or (b) potentiometric titration with EDTA at pH 4.6 using the lead ion selective electrode; or (c) visual titration with EDTA using urotropine buffer and Xylenol Orange indicator. An average recovery of 99%, and a mean standard deviation of 0.9% are obtainable with samples down to 2 mg. Divalent sulphur in many aromatic compounds, and tetra- and hexa-valent sulphur in both aliphatic and aromatic compounds do not interfere.

---

Mikrobestimmung von zweiwertigem Schwefel in aliphatischen Verbindungen durch visuelle Maanalyse, Potentiometrie und Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie

Zusammenfassung Zweiwertiger Schwefel in verschieden strukturierten aliphatischen Verbindungen wie Thiolen, Sulfiden, Disulfiden und Thiocarbonylverbindungen, lät sich durch Umsetzung mit festem Kaliumhydroxid bei 250–280° C durch 10 min und Zugabe von Alkaliplumbit bestimmen, wobei Bleisulfid in stöchiometrischer Menge gebildet wird. Der Überschuß an Bleiionen wird gemessen: a) durch Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie bei 217 nm; b) durch potentiometrische Titration mit ÄDTA bei pH 4,6 mit einer bleiionenspezifischen Elektrode; oder c) durch visuelle Titration mit ÄDTA, Urotropin als Puffer und Xylenolorange als Indikator. Ein durchschnittliches Ergebnis von 99% und eine mittlere Standardabweichung von 0,9% sind bei Einwaagen von wenigstens 2 mg erreichbar. Zweiwertiger Schwefel in vielen aromatischen Verbindungen, vier- und sechswertiger Schwefel sowohl in aliphatischen als auch in aromatischen Verbindungen stört nicht.

---

---

Based on a paper presented at the Euroanalysis III Conference, Dublin, August 20–25, 1978.     

Hyperfine interaction experienced by181Ta nuclei at the Hf site in HfFe2−xSix compounds through a decoupling experiment

The time-differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) experiments involving the 133–482 keV γ-γ cascade in¹⁸¹Ta have been performed in the presence of an external magnetic field along the quantization axis to measure the hyperfine magnetic field experienced by¹⁸¹Ta nuclei at the Hf site in the pseudobinary compounds HfFe_2?xSi_x with x=0.1 and x=0.3. The hyperfine magnetic fields measured at 298 K are H_hf=133.1±12.0 kG in the cubic (C15) Laves phase compound HfFe_1.9Si_0.1 and H_hf=76.8±7.0 kG in the hexagonal (C14) Laves phase compound HfFe_1.7Si_0.3. The measured hyperfine fields are discussed within the framework of the Campbell-Blandin model.