Highly selective Ba2+ separations with acyclic, lipophilic di-[N-(X)sulfonyl carbamoyl] polyethers

New lipophilic acyclic polyethers with two N-(X)sulfonyl carbamoyl groups of "tunable" acidity exhibit remarkable selectivity for Ba2+ over other alkaline earth metal ions in competitive solvent extraction and transport across polymer inclusion membranes.     

An all-optical integrated system for implementing arithmetic operation in 2’s complement method with the active participation of non-linear material based switches

Optics is regarded undoubtedly a potential and successful candidate in information and data processing because of its inherent parallelism. In last few decades several all-optical data processors, algebraic processors, arithmetic processors are proposed. Here in this communication the authors propose a completely new scheme for implementing binary data arithmetic in 2’s Complement method which is the most advantageous among all other established subtraction methods. To implement it we use non-linear material massively.     

Conductance of Selected Alkali Metal Salts in Aqueous Binary Mixtures of 2-Methoxyethanol at 25°C

Precise conductance measurements have been performed for lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium tetraphenylborate in 2-methoxyethanol–water mixtures at four different mole fractions, i.e., 0.056, 0.136, 0.262, and 0.486 of 2-methoxyethanol (69.73 D 26.55) at 25°C in the concentration range 0.0004–0.0642 mol-dm^–3. The limiting molar conductivity °, the association constant K _A, and the association distance R for the solvent mixtures have been evaluated from the conductance concentration data using the 1978 Fuoss conductance equation. The single-ion conductances have been estimated using the reference electrolyte tetrabutylam-monium tetraphynylborate(Bu₄NBPh₄). The analysis of the data indicates that for most salts ion association is appreciable in the solvent mixtures with a mole fraction of the cosolvent of 0.262 or higher. The results have been interpreted in terms of ion-solvent interactions and structural changes in the mixed solvent media.     

Conductance of Some 1:1 Electrolytes in N,N-Dimethylacetamide at 25°C

Precise conductance measurements of solutions of lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, tetrabutylammonium bromide, and tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate in N,N-dimethylacetamide are reported at 25°C in the concentration range 0.005–0.015 mol-dm^–3. The conductance data have been analyzed by the 1978 Fuoss conductance equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (⁰), the association constant (K _a), and the association diameter (R). The limiting ionic conductances have been estimated from an appropriate division of the limiting molar conductivity of the reference electrolyte Bu₄NBPh₄. Slight ionic association was found for all these salts in this solvent medium. The results further indicate significant solvation of Li⁺ion, while the other ions are found to be unsolvated in N,N-dimethylacetamide.     

Nanocatalysts for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions

This critical review deals with the applications of nanocatalysts in Suzuki coupling reactions, a field that has attracted immense interest in the chemical, materials and industrial communities. We intend to present a broad overview of nanocatalysts for Suzuki coupling reactions with an emphasis on their performance, stability and reusability. We begin the review with a discussion on the importance of Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, and we then discuss fundamental aspects of nanocatalysis, such as the effects of catalyst size and shape. Next, we turn to the core focus of this review: the synthesis, advantages and disadvantages of nanocatalysts for Suzuki coupling reactions. We begin with various nanocatalysts that are based on conventional supports, such as high surface silica, carbon nanotubes, polymers, metal oxides and double hydroxides. Thereafter, we reviewed nanocatalysts based on non-conventional supports, such as dendrimers, cyclodextrin and magnetic nanomaterials. Finally, we discuss nanocatalyst systems that are based on non-conventional media, i.e., fluorous media and ionic liquids, for use in Suzuki reactions. At the end of this review, we summarise the significance of nanocatalysts, their impacts on conventional catalysis and perspectives for further developments of Suzuki cross-coupling reactions (131 references).     

Mixed-ligand complexes of osmium(III)/(IV) 8-quinolinolates: synthesis,characterization and redox behaviour

Summary A group of mixed-tris chelates of osmium(III) and osmium(IV) of type [OsAQ₂]^{0/1 +} [HA = glycine (glyH), picolinic acid (PicH) and quinaldic acid (qndH); HQ = 8-quinolinol] were prepared and characterized by physicochemical, magnetic and spectroscopic methods. The complexes exhibit several spin-allowed and spin-forbidden absorption bands and shoulders in the 200–700 nm region. The new chelates are electroactive and display nearly reversible Os^IV-Os^III and Os^III-Os^II couples in the ca. –1.1 to +0.3 V range versus s.c.e. The stability of metal oxidation states is discussed in terms of the electrochemical results.     

Solidified floating organic drop microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of carbamazepine in human plasma and urine samples

Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography was used for separation/preconcentration and determination of carbamazepine (CBZ) in human plasma and urine samples. Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency such as the type and volume of extraction solvent, ionic strength, sodium hydroxide concentration, stirring rate, sample volume and extraction time, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent, 40 μL of 1-undecanol; sodium hydroxide concentration, 1 mol/L; temperature, 50 ℃; stirring speed, 400 r/min; sample volume, 8 mL; sodium chloride concentration, 3% (w/v) and extraction time, 60 min) the calibration curve was found to be linear in the mass concentration range of 0.4-700.0 μg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μg/L and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate extraction and determination of carbamazepine at 100 μg/L level was found to be 4.1%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of CBZ in human plasma and urine samples.     

Synthesis of nano ZnO thin film on Al foil by rf glow discharge plasma and its effect on E. coli and P. aeruginosa

Nano ZnO thin films were deposited on thin Al foils by a rf glow discharge plasma method in which sublimed zinc acetate vapor (precursor) reacted with oxygen plasma inside a low-pressure reactor. The films were microstructurally characterized using XRD, TEM, FESEM, optical reflectance and micro-Raman spectroscopy methods. In view of the good scope of ZnO coating in food packaging, the antibacterial activity in the ZnO thin films was studied by exposing the films to E. coli and P. aeruginosa for up to 8 h. Bacterial cell inhibition of up to 98–99 % was observed in the thin films.