Parking Capacity and Pricing in Park'n Ride Trips: A Continuous Equilibrium Network Design Problem

In this paper we consider the problem of designing parking facilities for park'n ride trips. We present a new continuous equilibrium network design problem to decide the capacity and fare of these parking lots at a tactical level. We assume that the parking facilities have already been located and other topological decisions have already been taken.The modeling approach proposed is mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints. In the outer optimization problem, a central Authority evaluates the performance of the transport network for each network design decision. In the inner problem a multimodal traffic assignment with combined modes, formulated as a variational inequality problem, generates the share demand for modes of transportation, and for parking facilities as a function of the design variables of the parking lots. The objective is to make optimal parking investment and pricing decisions in order to minimize the total travel cost in a subnetwork of the multimodal transportation system.We present a new development in model formulation based on the use of generalized parking link cost as a design variable.The bilevel model is solved by a simulated annealing algorithm applied to the continuous and non-negative design decision variables. Numerical tests are reported in order to illustrate the use of the model, and the ability of the approach to solve applications of moderate size.     

Sandwich Techniques in flow injection analysis : Part 1. Continuous recalibration techniques for process control

Flow injection methodology based on sample insertion between two different standard solutions used as carrier streams is described. This approach provides a simple system for continuous recalibration in process control; spectrophotometric and ion-selective electrode procedures are outlined.     

Scientist up to the highest level

Dr. Miroslav Kyrš, DrSc. passed away prematurely and unexpectedly in August 2006 at age of 75. He was a leading person of the Czech radiochemistry during the second half of the 20th century and his results have of world-wide impact. His diligence, intelligence and permanent activity led him to be at first a laboratory chief and subsequently for about 25 years to be a chief of the Radiochemical Department of Czech Nuclear Research Institute (NRI) at Řež near Prague.     

Transport coefficients and defect structure of Sb2−xAgxTe3 single crystals

Incorporation of Ag in the crystal lattice of Sb₂Te₃ creates structural defects that have a strong influence on the transport properties. Single crystals of Sb_2−xAg_xTe₃ (x=0.0; 0.014; 0.018 and 0.022) were characterized by measurements of the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity in the temperature range of 5-300 K. With an increasing content of Ag the electrical resistance, the Hall coefficient and the Seebeck coefficient all decrease. This implies that the incorporation of Ag atoms in the Sb₂Te₃ crystal structure results in an increasing concentration of holes. However, the doping efficiency of Ag appears to be only about 50% of the expected value. We explain this discrepancy by a model based on the interaction of Ag impurity with the native defects in the Sb_2−xAg_xTe₃ crystal lattice. Defects have a particularly strong influence on the thermal conductivity. We analyze the temperature dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity in the context of the Debye model. Of the various phonon scattering contributions, the dominant influence of Ag incorporation in the crystal lattice of Sb₂Te₃ is revealed to be point-defect scattering where both the mass defect and elastic strain play a pivotal role.     

Teaching analytical properties

A new way of expounding analytical properties based on their mutual dependence (complementary and contradictory relationships) and their unequivocal connection with analytical quality facets is presented. To this end, the paper provides answers to the obvious questions that arise in dealing with the subject: why?, how?, when? and where to teach analytical properties in the Analytical Chemistry curriculum?     

Book reviews

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Book reviews

     

Application of thermal analysis to study the causes of disintegration in insulating systems

In the procduction of high-voltage insulating systems, disintegration and non-homogeneity occur in some cases and these factors can lead to the deterioration and even the breakdown such systems. In research into the causes of these phenomena DTA and TG were applied to study the course of hardening of the systems and to quantify the leaking substances. The results demonstrate the great value of thermal analysis in this field.     

Influence of solute mobility on dislocation motion I. Basic model

Dislocation motion in the real lattice of alloys is highly complex. In a certain temperature range the dynamic strain ageing phenomena have been reported. In this paper the influence of mobile solute atoms (as obstacles) on the motion of dislocation is analysed. Both processes are assumed to be thermally activated. A new model based on this assumption is proposed. The dislocation velocity and the friction stress (due to solute-dislocation interactions) are calculated. A change in the friction stress caused by solute mobility is discussed.     

Asymptotic analysis of elastic curved rods

We consider a sequence of curved rods which consist of isotropic material and which are clamped on the lower base or on both bases. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the stress tensor and displacement under the assumptions of linearized elasticity when the cross‐sectional diameter of the rods tends to zero and the body force is given in the particular form. The analysis covers the case of a non‐smooth limit line of centroids. We show how the body force and the choice of the approximating curved rods can affect the strong convergence and the limit form of the stress tensor for the curved rods clamped on both bases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.