First measurement of transferred polarization in the exclusive ep-->e'K+Lambda--> reaction

The first measurements of the transferred polarization for the exclusive e-->p-->e(')K+Lambda--> reaction have been performed at Jefferson Laboratory using the CLAS spectrometer. A 2.567 GeV beam was used to measure the hyperon polarization over Q2 from 0.3 to 1.5 (GeV/c)(2), W from 1.6 to 2.15 GeV, and over the full K+ center-of-mass angular range. Comparison with predictions of hadrodynamic models indicates strong sensitivity to the underlying resonance contributions. A nonrelativistic quark-model interpretation of our data suggests that the ssmacr; quark pair is produced with spins predominantly antialigned. Implications for the validity of the most widely used quark-pair creation operator are discussed.     

An improved algorithm and its parallel implementation for solving a general blood-tissue transport and metabolism model

Fast algorithms for simulating mathematical models of coupled blood-tissue transport and metabolism are critical for the analysis of data on transport and reaction in tissues. Here, by combining the method of characteristics with the standard grid discretization technique, a novel algorithm is introduced for solving a general blood-tissue transport and metabolism model governed by a large system of one-dimensional semilinear first order partial differential equations. The key part of the algorithm is to approximate the model as a group of independent ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems such that each ODE system has the same size as the model and can be integrated independently. Thus the method can be easily implemented in parallel on a large-scale multiprocessor computer. The accuracy of the algorithm is demonstrated for solving a simple blood-tissue exchange model introduced by Sangren and Sheppard [W.C. Sangren, C.W. Sheppard, A mathematical derivation of the exchange of a labeled substance between a liquid flowing in a vessel and an external compartment, Bull. Math. Biophys. 15 (1953) 387–394], which has an analytical solution. Numerical experiments made on a distributed-memory parallel computer (an HP Linux cluster) and a shared-memory parallel computer (a SGI Origin 2000) demonstrate the parallel efficiency of the algorithm.     

Measurement of deeply virtual compton scattering with a polarized-proton target

The longitudinal target-spin asymmetry AUL for the exclusive electroproduction of high-energy photons was measured for the first time in ep-->e;'pgamma. The data have been accumulated at JLab with the CLAS spectrometer using 5.7 GeV electrons and a longitudinally polarized NH3 target. A significant azimuthal angular dependence was observed, resulting from the interference of the deeply virtual Compton scattering and Bethe-Heitler processes. The amplitude of the sinvarphi moment is 0.252+/-0.042stat+/-0.020sys. Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the magnitude and the kinematic dependence of the target-spin asymmetry, which is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions H and H.     

In-column field-amplified sample stacking of biogenic amines on microfabricated electrophoresis devices

A novel method for performing in-column field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) in chip-based electrophoretic systems is presented. The methodology involves the use of a narrow sample channel (NSC) injector. NSC injectors allow sample plugs to be introduced directly into the separation channel, and subsequent stacking and separation can proceed without any need for leakage control. More importantly, stacking and separation occur in a single step negating the requirement for complex channel geometries and voltage switching to control sample plugs during the stacking procedure. The chip is composed of six paralleled systems. Using the NSC injector design, the number of reservoirs in the multiplexed chip is reduced to N + 2, where N is the number of paralleled systems. This design feature radically reduces the complexity in chip structures and associated chip operation. The approach is applied to the analysis of fluorescently labelled biogenic amines affording detection at concentrations down to 20 pM.     

Synthesis of polymer intermediates containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene group via functionalization of 2,2-diphenylhexafluoropropane

The title compound was synthesized by hydrogenolysis of its precursor 2,2-bis(4-trifluoromethanesulfonatophenyl)hexafluoropropane ( 2 ) in the presence of a base. 2,2-Diphenylhexafluoropropane ( 6 ) can be appropriately functionalized at the 3,3′-positions to give the diamino ( 7 ), dibromo ( 11 ), dicarboxaldehydo ( 13 ), 3-ethynyl-3′-carboxaldehydo ( 14 ) derivatives which are important monomers in the synthesis of various high-temperatures resistant polymers and oligomers containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) group. 2,2-Bis(4-triflatophenyl)hexafluoropropane ( 2 ) undergoes quantitative dinitration at the 3,3′-positions to yield 2,2-bis(3-nitro-4-triflatophenyl)hexafluoropropane ( 3 ) which ultimately leads to the 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-bis(arylamino) ( 5 ) and 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-dihydroxy ( 8 ) derivatives which are specifically designed for phenylbenzimidazole, benzimidazoquinazoline, and benzoxazole polymers and oligomers.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of guanosine derivatives by Pt(IV) complexes

The kinetics of redox reactions of the PtIV complexes trans-Pt(d,l)(1,2-(NH2)2C6H10)Cl4 ([PtIVCl4(dach)]) and Pt(NH2CH2CH2NH2)Cl4 ([PtIVCl4(en)]) with 5'- and 3'-dGMP (G) have been studied. These redox reactions involve substitution followed by an inner-sphere electron transfer. The substitution is catalyzed by PtII and follows the classic Basolo-Pearson PtII-catalyzed PtIV-substitution mechanism. We found that the substitutution rates depend on the steric hindrance of PtII, G, and PtIV with the least sterically hindered PtII complex catalyzing at the highest rate. 3'-dGMP undergoes substitution faster than 5'-dGMP, and [PtIVCl4(en)] substitutes faster than [PtIVCl4(dach)]. The enthalpies of activation of the substitution, DeltaH double dagger s, of 3'-dGMP is only 70% greater than that of 5'-dGMP (50.4 vs 30.7 kJ mol(-1)), but the entropy of activation of the substitution, DeltaS double dagger s, of 3'-dGMP is much greater than that of 5'-dGMP (-59.4 vs -129.5 J K(-1) mol(-1)), indicating that steric hindrance plays a major role in the substitution. The enthalpy of activation of electron transfer, DeltaH double dagger e, of 3'-dGMP is smaller than that of 5'-dGMP (88.8 vs 137.8 kJ mol(-1)). The entropy of activation of electron transfer, DeltaS double dagger e, of 3'-dGMP is negative, but that of 5'-dGMP is positive (-27.8 vs +128.8 J K-1 mol-1). The results indicate that 5'-hydroxo has less rotational barrier than 5'-phosphate, but it is geometrically unfavorable for internal electron transfer. The electron-transfer rate also depends on the reduction potential of PtIV. Because of its higher reduction potential, [PtIVCl4(dach)] has a faster electron transfer than [PtIVCl4(en)].     

Eta' photoproduction on the proton for photon energies from 1.527 to 2.227 GeV

Differential cross sections for the reaction gamma p --> eta' p have been measured with the CLAS spectrometer and a tagged photon beam with energies from 1.527 to 2.227 GeV. The results reported here possess much greater accuracy than previous measurements. Analyses of these data suggest for the first time the coupling of the eta'N channel to both the S11(1535) and P11(1710) resonances, known to couple strongly to the etaN channel in photoproduction on the proton, and the importance of J = 3/2 resonances in the process.     

Monitoring dehydration kinetics using simultaneous thermal and spectral methods

The dehydration kinetics of theophylline monohydrate is a two‐stage process. The first stage involves loosening of the crystal water followed by a second stage in which the water evaporates from the sample. During differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, the kinetics of the two stages can be dramatically altered because of the sample environment and DSC pan type. In‐depth understanding of how the sample environment alters the dehydration process and the kinetics involved requires more than DSC experiments alone. This paper describes the use of a novel, simultaneous thermal and spectral technique to monitor the dehydration kinetics of theophylline monohydrate. The analysis of the results obtained on the combined DSC‐near‐infrared and DSC‐Raman equipment clearly detects the two stages of the dehydration process and the polymorphic structural changes that take place. The combined technique provides a powerful method to monitor the dehydration of hydrous systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.