Chemische Vitamin D<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Bestimmung in Lebertran

The different aspects of Vitamin D₃ determination and the data reported in the literature are discussed. The spectrophotometric determination of Vitamin D₃ in cod-liver oil is carried out after the alkaline saponification, extraction of unsaponified parts, precipitation of accompanying sterols and the column- and thin-layer chromatographic purification and separation of vitamin D₃ on 40 cm plates from other vitamins. The dyestuff α-naphtholbenzein is suited well as standard substance for the better location and identification of vitamin D₃ zone on the thin-layer plate. The results obtained from the chemical method were checked through the simultaneous biological determination.     

Polarographlc analysis for corticosteroids: Part 5. Reduction mechanism of halogen-containing corticosteroids and analysis of some preparations

In fluprednisolone and chloroprednisone acetate, the polarographic reduction of the carbon—halogen bond in position 6 occurs first. The carbanion—enolate formed is reduced at the dropping mercury electrode at more negative potentials than the conjugate acid. Controlled potential electrolysis at a mercury pool electrode where the carbanion—enolate can be protonated, yields the unsaturated ketone. Polarographic reduction of clobetasol-17-propionate and of clobetasone-17-butyrate results in cleavage of the C—Cl bond in the side-chain. This process is followed by reduction of the α,β-unsaturated ketone in the A-ring. Analytical methods for the determination of these compounds in ointments, creams and eye/ear drops gave results with standard deviations of 1–2%.     

On the synthesis and animation of 5-chloro-and 5-bromo-1,7-naphthyridine

A new synthesis of 5-chloro- and 5-bromo-1,7-naphthyridine, using 8-amino-1,7-naphthyridine as starting material is described. On amination with potassium amide in liquid ammonia, the 5-bromo compound undergoes a tele-amination into 8-amino- and 2-amino-1,7-naphthyridine and a Chichibabin reaction yielding 8-amino-5-bromo-1,7-naphthyridine. The reaction with the 5-chloro compound occurs at a much lower rate than the 5-bromo compound and only gives 8-amino-5-chloro-1,7-naphthyridine in a small yield. Convincing ¹H-nmr evidence is presented, showing that the 5-bromo- and 5-chloro-1,7-naphthyridine give addition of the amide ion at position 8 and that the 5-chloro compound also gives addition at position 2.     

The photochemistry of benzotricyclo[3.1.0.02,6]Hex-3-ene1

Irradiation of $\text{1}$ in methanoi with λ 254 nm yields $\text{3}$ and $\text{4}$ as the main primary products which result from the excited singlet state hy initial cyclopropane bond homolysis, but no primary photosolvolysis products.     

Photobinding of ketoprofen in vitro and ex vivo

Ketoprofen (KP), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the 2-aryl propionic class, has been shown to produce photoallergic side effects as well as cutaneous photosensitizing properties that induce other phototoxic effects. In the present study we investigated photobinding of ketoprofen to both human serum albumin (HSA), a model protein, and to ex vivo pig skin and its photodegradation. Results demonstrate that photoadduct formation and photodegradation progressively increased with irradiation time where they reach a maximum. Maximum photobinding to the viable layer of the epidermis was about 7-8% of the initial radiolabelled KP added, in the region of 15-30 min UV irradiation. These results were comparable to in vitro results that were seen with photobinding of KP to HSA; in this case, the quantity of covalently bound material was approximately 10% of the initial, after a maximum of 18 min irradiation. It was found by HPLC analysis that the KP decrease is accompanied by an increase of the corresponding photoproduct, decarboxylated ketoprofen (DKP). The yield of DKP reaches a maximum at around 15 min. DKP appears to play an important role in vitro and ex vivo, being the major photoproduct and responsible for the photobinding process. Using micro-autoradiographical techniques we investigated the penetration and distribution of ketoprofen in ex vivo pig skin in greater detail. It was apparent that percutaneous absorption was taking place and that most of the ketoprofen was predominately localised in fibroblasts in the papillary dermis. No other specific localisation within the skin architecture was identified. Although there were differences in the quantities of bound ketoprofen within the different layers of the skin, these levels did not appear to correlate with irradiation time.     

Calculation of χ)(3) in He including configuration interaction for XUV photons

We calculate the third-order susceptibility in He for photon energies from 19.5 eV to 24.5 eV in a configuration-interaction calculation, and discuss the role of autoionizing states as a means of enhancing harmonic generation.     

Determination of platinum, palladium, and gold in a silver assay bead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Summary A procedure is given for the atomic absorption determination of platinum, palladium and gold in silver beads. Interferences by coexisting ions usually found in the parting solution could be eliminated by addition of 1% of lanthanum. The lowest working ranges in which it is possible to obtain results comparable in accuracy to those from a good spectrophotometric determination are estimated for each metal. (1 ppm Pd, 1 ppm Au, 5 ppm Pt). The results of several determinations using the proposed procedure to analyse silver assay beads are given.

---

Bestimmung von Platin, Palladium und Gold in dokimastischen Silberperlen durch Atomabsorptions-Spektrophotometrie

Zusammenfassung Störungen durch in der Scheidelösung vorhandene Begleitionen konnten durch Zusatz von 1% Lanthan verhindert werden. Die unteren Grenzen für eine genaue Bestimmbarkeit wurden festgelegt (1 ppm Pd, 1 ppm Au, 5 ppm Pt) und Ergebnisse mehrerer Beleganalysen mitgeteilt.

     

Magnetic behavior of copper diethyldithiocarbamate at low temperatures: A reinvestigation

The title compound, Cu(S₂CNEt₂)₂, behaves at low temperatures (1–20 K) as a normal spin-1/2 molecule, with 〈g〉 =2.06 and the Curie-Weiss θ = +0.25 K. This result contradicts an earlier investigation that led to the suggestion that the crystallographically-occurring dimers are coupled ferromagnetically.     

On the thin cell method in time domain spectroscopy

A simple physical picture is given of Fellner-Feldegg's thin cell method in time domain spectroscopy. From this picture an accurate analytical relation is derived for the total reflection coefficient.