Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Based Self-Healing Polymer Electrolyte for Safe and Long-Life Lithium-Metal Batteries

The deployment of high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries has been greatly impeded by Li dendrite growth and safety concerns originating from flammable liquid electrolytes. Herein, we report a stable quasi-solid-state Li metal battery with a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based self-healing polymer (DSP) electrolyte. This electrolyte was fabricated in a facile manner by in situ copolymerization of 2-(3-(6-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)ureido)ethyl methacrylate (UPyMA) and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA) monomers in a DES-based electrolyte containing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as an additive. The well-designed DSP electrolyte simultaneously possesses non-flammability, high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, and dendrite-free Li plating. When applied in Li metal batteries with a LiMn₂O₄ cathode, the DSP electrolyte effectively suppressed manganese dissolution from the cathode and enabled high-capacity and a long lifespan at room and elevated temperatures.     

In-situ polymerized cross-linked binder for cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries

Volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle effect are the main barriers for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery.In this work,we in-situ polymerized a cross-linked binder in sulfur cathode to solve the aforementioned problems using a facile method under mild conditions.Polycarbonate diol(PCDL),triethanolamine(TEA) and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) were chosen as precursors to prepare the cross-linked binder.The in-situ polymerized binder(PTH) builds a strong network in sulfur cathode,which could restrain the volume expansion of sulfu r.Moreover,by adopting functional groups of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms,the binder could effectively facilitate transportation of Li-ion and adsorb polysulfide chemically.The Li-S battery with bare sulfur and carbon/sulfur composite cathodes and cross-linked PTH binder displays much better electrochemical performance than that of the battery with PVDF.The PTH-bare S cathode with a mass loading of 5.97 mg/cm^2 could deliver a capacity of 733.3 mAh/g at 0.2 C,and remained 585.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles.This in-situ polymerized binder is proved to be quite effective on restraining the volume expansion and suppressing polysulfide shuttle effect,then improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S battery.     

引领学生进入有机化学世界

初学有机化学的学生,普遍感到有机化学比较难学。通过改变有机化学的教学流程,使之更符合学生的认知规律。实践过程和结果表明,新的教学流程可以帮助更多学生学好有机化学的起始课。     

吡咯烷酮酸性离子液体的合成及其对酯化反应的催化活性

合成并表征了 2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnhp]HSO4)、 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnmp]HSO4)、 1-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([Hmim]HSO4)、 1-(3-磺酸基)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)和1-(3-磺酸基)-丙基-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4)等以HSO-4为阴离子的质子酸离子液体,并以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应考察了这些离子液体的催化活性.结果表明,当n(n-BuOH):n(MeCO2H):n([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4)=1.2:1:0.005,反应温度为120 ℃和反应时间为 1 h 时,酯收率可达99%以上;反应结束后离子液体与酯产物可分成两相,而且该离子液体重复使用8次,催化活性没有明显下降.探讨了阳离子结构及Brnsted酸性对催化活性的影响,考察了离子液体与酯化反应相关组分的互溶性.结果表明,离子液体的分相性能对催化效果有较大的影响,离子液体的催化活性与其酸性、溶解性密切相关.     

剪切历史对尼龙熔体结晶行为的影响

采用差示扫描量热法研究了原始聚酰胺材料在经历不同的预剪切过程或应用不同设备进行剪切后其结晶行为的变化,结果表明,原始样品经过预剪切后,结晶温度升高5～10℃,半结晶时间降低到原始样品的一半.当聚酰胺材料经历很低的剪切时其结晶温度就有很大的提高,进一步提高剪切强度,结晶温度的增加趋势变缓.偏光显微镜观察表明有剪切历史的样品,球晶尺寸减小.作为对此,聚烯烃和聚酯材料的结晶对剪切历史不敏感,剪切与非剪切样品的结晶行为基本相同,据此推测聚酰胺分子间氢键可能是这种剪切记忆效应产生的原因.     

吗啡啉功能化酸性离子液体的合成、表征及其催化酯化性能

制备和表征了三种新型质子酸离子液体: 吗啡啉硫酸氢盐([Hnhm]HSO4)、4-甲基吗啡啉硫酸氢盐 ([Hnmm]HSO4)和SO3H-功能化的4-(3-磺丙基)吗啡啉硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4). 以氯乙酸(CAA)和乙醇合成氯乙酸乙酯的酯化反应考察了它们的酸性和催化活性, 并与1-(3-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶硫酸氢盐、1-(3-磺丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐等三种具有不同氮杂环的SO3H-功能化酸性离子液体以及浓硫酸相对照. 结果表明, 上述SO3H-功能化离子液体对酯化反应的催化性能比非SO3H-功能化的[Hnhm]HSO4和[Hnmm]HSO4都高, 等同甚至优于浓硫酸. 当反应条件为: n(EtOH)∶n(CAA)∶n([C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4)＝1.3∶1∶0.2, 反应温度80 ℃, 反应时间3 h, 酯收率可达93.4%. 而且离子液体经真空干燥重复使用9次, 催化活性仍无明显下降. 以[C3SO3Hnhm]HSO4催化乙酸和不同醇的酯化反应获得较高的酯收率和选择性, 离子液体跟酯产物均能自动分相. 还考察了SO3H-功能化酸性离子液体对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性. 尽管SO3H-功能化离子液体与硫酸的酸性相近, 但对钢试样的腐蚀率不到硫酸的1/3.     

末端功能基团对聚（3-丁基噻吩）光电性能的影响

研究了4种带有不同末端基团的聚（3-丁基噻吩）（P3BT）的光电性能。 结果表明,末端基团对P3BT的结晶有一定的抑制作用,可以改变P3BT的表面能,从而有效调控P3BT∶PCBM共混体系相容性以及薄膜的形貌,并影响以P3BT为给体材料的聚合物光伏器件的性能。 其中,带有较短烷基链末端基团的烯丙基封端P3BT具有较高的结晶性,与PCBM具有适中的相容性,使得光伏器件的光敏层能够形成理想的微相分离结构,器件效率可以达到3.1%,较传统的溴封端P3BT器件效率提升35%以上。     

890 mW Diode Pumped Nd:YVO4 Intracavity-doubled Red Light Laser

A diode-pumped Nd3+:YVO4 emitting at 1342 nm and 671 nm was developed. Low concentration neodymium doped Nd:YVO4 shows excellent stability at 1342 nm. With a type-Ⅱ noncritical phase-matched LBO crystal as the intracavity frequency doubler, 890 mW of 671 nm light was obtained at 11.2 W incident pumping power, the optical-optical conversion efficiency is 7.9%.     

Iron(III)-catalyzed synthesis of multi-substituted imidazoles via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of nitroolefins and N-aryl benzamidines

A novel and efficient iron(III)-catalyzed synthesis of multi-substituted imidazoles via [3+2] cycloaddition of nitroolefins and N-aryl benzamidines under the air atmosphere had been developed. This methodology is convenient, atom-economical, general, and eco-friendly in good yields and prefect regioselectivities.