Thermal Studies on Rare Earth Metal Ion Chelates of 8-Hydroxyquinoline, 8-Hydroxyquinaldine and Their Derivatives

The thermal behaviors of chelates of oxine, 8-hydroxyquinaldine and their derivatives (DCQ, 5, 7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline; DCQ', 5, 7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine) in an air atmosphere have been studied. The order of heat stability of chelates, decreased with decreasing basicity of the ligand, i.e. oxine<DCQ<DCQ'. The presence of water or proton-containing compounds in the chelates seemed to lower heat stabilities,     

A convenient and efficient preparation of β-substituted α-haloenones from diazodicarbonyl compounds

Rhodium(II)-catalyzed reactions of cyclic diazodicarbonyl compounds with a variety of halides have been examined. With acid halides, β-acyloxy α-haloenones are produced in good yields. With benzyl halides, β-benzyloxy α-haloenones are obtained in good yields. Reactions with methylene halides yield β-halomethoxy α-haloenones in good yields, whereas reactions with ethyl halides and ethylene dihalides result in β-hydroxy α-haloenones in high yields. These reactions provide a useful and rapid entry to β-substituted α-haloenones. The mechanistic pathway for the formation of these products has been also described in terms of halonium ylides.     

Fumigant Activity of Bacterial Volatile Organic Compounds against the Nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita

Plant-parasitic nematodes infect a diversity of crops, resulting in severe economic losses in agriculture. Microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential agents to control plant-parasitic nematodes and other pests. In this study, VOCs emitted by a dozen bacterial strains were analyzed using solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fumigant toxicity of selected VOCs, including dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, anisole, 2,5-dimethylfuran, glyoxylic acid, and S-methyl thioacetate (MTA) was then tested against Caenorhabditis elegans. DMDS and MTA exhibited much stronger fumigant toxicity than the others. Probit analysis suggested that the values of LC₅₀ were 8.57 and 1.43 μg/cm³ air for DMDS and MTA, respectively. MTA also showed stronger fumigant toxicity than DMDS against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, suggesting the application potential of MTA.     

Variational Problems of Surfaces in a Sphere

Let x : M → S~(n+p)(1) be an n-dimensional submanifold immersed in an(n + p)-dimensional unit sphere S~(n+p)(1).In this paper, we study n-dimensional submanifolds immersed in S~(n+p)(1) which are critical points of the functional S(x) =∫_M~S~((n/2) dv), where S is the squared length of the second fundamental form of the immersion x.When x : M → S~(2+p)(1) is a surface in S~(2+p)(1), the functional S(x) =∫_M~(S~(n/2) dv) represents double volume of image of Gaussian map.For the critical surface of S(x), we get a relationship between the integral of an extrinsic quantity of the surface and its Euler characteristic.Furthermore, we establish a rigidity theorem for the critical surface of S(x).