实驗原子核物理学的基本概念

在我們这个時代里,原子物理學在日常生活中的重大意义愈來愈顯著。天然的和人工製备的放射性元素日益廣泛地用於医学和生物學,帶电粒子的加速器成为高等學校的设备中不可缺少的部分。在苏联,世界上第一座原子电力站已經建成,並在勝利地工作着。面臨着科学和技术思想的这些成就,面臨着原子論的这些迅速的勝利,有時看起來好像是这一切都幾乎是突然發生的,是毫无準备的,完全意料不到的。当然,事实並不是如此。实际上,由最初的一些模糊的猜測,抽象的理論和彼此矛盾的实驗。过渡到实际的結果和技術上的成就,是經过了全世界兩三代的学者幾十年緊張和忘我的劳動而後才得到的。其实,科學家們最初接觸到与原子核物理     

用同步辐射X射线研究材料结构

使用同步辐射X射线进行材料的散射、衍射和吸收实验要比用一般X射线源的实验能提供新的、更精确、更详细的结构信息。同步辐射实验技术已发展到经常用于解决材料结构问题广泛领域的阶段。本文评述了作为材料原子级结构研究的同步辐射X射线散射和吸收技术的新进展,描述了包括表面和界面结构、局域结构、晶体结构和晶体缺陷在内的某些结构研究新例子,也提及最新发展和展望。     

HgCdTe异质结接点光导体

本文描述了异质结接点的新型光电导体器件结构,这种结构在普通带隙的光导体与金属接点之间接合了一个较高带隙的HgCdTe合金。异质结接点光导体器件的理论分析证明能有效地消除载流子清扫效应;根据计算结果断定,由于消除了响应度的“饱和”效应,故可以大大增加响应度。现已制成了异质结接点器件,用几种方法实验,结果验证了这种理论,在80K时,测得的响应度在30V/cm时约为45×10~4V/W,在125V/cm时超过15×10~5V/W。     

沸石催化剂上降冰片烯二聚（英文）

The high activity and selectivity of H‐Beta and H‐ZSM‐12 zeolites in the dimerization of norbornene was established.The norbornene conversion reached 100% in chlorinated paraffin and argon gas medium,with a selectivity of dimer formation of 88%–98%.Four stereo‐isomers of the bis‐2,2'‐norbornylidene structure were identified in the dimer fraction,with the(Z)‐anti‐bis‐2,2'‐norbornylidene prevailing over the others.     

Frozen Landweber Iteration for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems

In this paper we propose a modification of the Landweber iteration termed frozen Landweberiteration for nonlinear ill-posed problems.A convergence analysis for this iteration is presented.The numericalperformance of this frozen Landweber iteration for a nonlinear Hammerstein integral equation is compared withthat of the Landweber iteration.We obtain a shorter running time of the frozen Landweber iteration based onthe same convergence accuracy.     

学了统计学可以有什么样的作为?(续)──介绍统计学的特点和用处

Ⅲ、统计学家是做什么的? 为了描述统计学家工作的各个领域,最好的方法是给出大量的事例.限于篇幅,这里叙述六个事例.第一个事例描述统计学家的一个新的且很有希望的出路,就是在私人单位里当顾问.许多统计学家例如大学里的那些统计学家,在个人的部分时间从事于这种顾问工作. 经历1 A.B.先生与几个公司和研究所一起工作.几乎每周一次,每次花两到四小时与他的委托人中的每一个人联系,虽然他极少看见他们中的一些人.他与他们中的许多人每天都要通过电话谈话.他经常研究他们的问题,并且为了进行工作他或者重复写他的指示或者根据研究的结果所进…     

小于十亿的素数有多少个

貝斯特逊(Berstelsen)在1893年曾計算过小于十亿的素数的个数。D.H.列麦(D.H.Lehmer)証实貝斯特逊在計算上有錯誤。π(10~9)(π(n)表示不超过n的素数的个数)的精确值,依D.H.列麦作的計算,結果是50847534。他也計算了π(10~(10))=455052512。 L.罗黑尔-爱伦斯特(L.Locher-Ernst)在知道这个消息后认为,表达式 f(n)=n/(1/3 1/4 1/5 … 1/n)对于n>50等足够好地給出数π(n)的近似值。例如π(10~3)=168,而f(10~3)=167.1.对于n=10~9,商π     

Determination and Temperature Dependence of Plateau Modulus for Polymerization of Propylene to Isotactic Polypropylene with Ultra-high Molecular Weight under Catalysis of Ziegler-Natta Catalyst

The viscoelastic behavior of isotactic polypropylene with ultra-high molecular weight (UHPPH) and broad molecular weight distribution(MWD), produced in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalyst, was investigated by means of oscillatory rheometry at 180 and 200 ℃, whose loss modulus(G") plots at 180 and 200 ℃versus the natural logarithm of angular frequency(ω) present a pronounced maximum at 34.35 and 69.21 rad/s, respectively, and do not show a maximum peak at 0. 01-100 rad/s for Ziegler-Natta catalyzing ethylenepropylene random copolymerization (PPR) with a conventional molecular weight and broad MWD. The fact indicates that the high molecular weight is responsible for a maximum peak of G"(ω) vs. lnω curves for UHPPH. This makes it possible to determine the plateau modulus (G0N) of UHPPH from a certain experimental temperature G"(ω) curve directly. For UHPPH, the G0N determined to be 4. 28×105 and 3. 62×105 Pa at 180and 200 ℃, respectively, decreases with the increase of temperature and is independent of the molecular weight, which directly confirms reputation theoretical prediction that the G0N has no relation to the molecular weight.     

An Improved and Efficient Preparation of the Chiral NAD(P)H Model (S_s)-1-Benzy1-3-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine

Chiral NAD(P)H models are important reduction reagents in asymmetric synthesis. (S,)l-Benzyl-3-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-1,4 1 is one of these models, which canreduce carbonyl and unsaturated compound under mild conditions with highenantioselectivity'. An impressive example is that methyl benzoylformate is reduced byl in the presence of Mg= or Zn' to methyl (R)-mandelate with up to 97% e.e. at roomtemperature'. Our investigation' has shown that the reduction of allylic bromide by Iwithout Mg:* o…