A Scheme for Information Erasure in a Double-Well Potential

We design an experimental scheme to realize one-bit information erasure and restoring processes by considering an overdamped colloidal particle in a double-well optical trap, which is added by a controllable laser tweezer. Using the Monte Carlo method, we simulate numerically the Langevin equation to calculate the mean work spent during the entire process and validate the entropy production fluctuation theory. Our result shows that the distribution of entropy production becomes narrow with increasing temperature and becomes stationary, represents the diminishing extent of irreversibility.     

CO吸附和加氢反应过程的原位高压MAS NMR研究

应用原位变温高压MAS核磁共振技术,对比研究了CO在不同Rh基催化剂上的吸附和加氢反应过程. ²⁹Si MAS NMR研究结果表明：Rh基催化剂中加入金属助剂后,载体Silicate-1上的表面硅羟基减少,助剂金属与硅羟基作用锚锭在载体表面.¹³C MAS NMR研究结果表明：当引入CO/H2混合气后,在Rh/Silicate-1催化剂上只能观测到气相CO、线式吸附CO和孪式吸附CO的快速交换信号;而在Rh-Mn/Silicate-1和Rh-Mn-Li/Silicate-1催化剂上,还观测到了倾斜式吸附的CO共振信号,表明助剂Mn或Mn-Li的加入促进了CO的吸附. 随着反应温度升高,CO/H₂在Rh/Silicate-1催化剂上转化生成CO_²,进一步升高温度会有CH₄生成;而CO/H₂在RhMnLi/Silicate-1催化剂上反应活性更高,在较低的温度下就会转化生成CO₂,但未观测到甲烷的生成. ¹H MAS NMR 谱显示,反应后载体Silicate-1上硅羟基的量会减少,表明CO与载体部分表面硅羟基反应生成了CO₂.     

20Mgβ衰变谱学与15O(α,γ)19Ne反应(英文)

15O（α,γ）19Ne（p,γ）20Na反应链是高温CNO循环向快速质子俘获过程突破的一条关键路径,相关的反应率输入量可通过20Mg的β衰变可布居19Ne共振态并测量其衰变性质来获得。通过高效率高精度地测量20Mg β衰变中产生的质子与γ射线得到了20Mg衰变的详细信息,并构建了完整的衰变纲图,还进行了19Ne 4 033 keV共振态衰变性质的探索,获得了该态在20Mg β衰变中被布居的分支比上限。通过比20Mg和20O镜像能级跃迁的结果确认了同位旋非对称性,为检验相关理论模型提供了精确的实验数据。对于突破路径中有重要影响的19Ne 4 033 keV共振态的性质,有待更高统计的实验进一步研究。The breakout from the hot CNO cycle to the rapid proton capture process can occur via the 15O(α,γ)19Ne(p,γ)20Na reaction sequence, and the β decay of 20Mg can be used as an alternative method to characterize some specific resonances, which will provide detailed nuclear structure input for reaction rate calculations. The reliable information on the decay properties and structure of 20Mg was obtained by measuring the emitted particles and γ-rays in the β decay with high efficiency and high resolution. Attempt was also made to search for the decay channels associated with the 4 033 keV resonance in 19Ne. To test fundamental symmetries, the transitions in the mirror decays of 20Mg and 20O were compared. The precise experimental data presented here would be important to constrain the theoretical calculations. It is desirable to clarify the astrophysically relevant problem by further experiments with improved statistics on the basis of the present work.     

Research on Quantum Searching Algorithms Based on Phase Shifts

One iterative in Grover＇s original quantum search algorithm consists of two Hadamard-Walsh transformations, a selective amplitude inversion and a diffusion amplitude inversion. We concentrate on the relation among the probability of success of the algorithm, the phase shifts, the number of target items and the number of iterations via replacing the two amplitude inversions by phase shifts of an arbitrary φ = ψ（0 ≤, ψ≤ 27r）. Then, according to the relation we find out the optimal phase shifts when the number of iterations is given. We present a new quantum search algorithm based on the optimal phase shifts of 1.018 after 0.57π√M/N iterations. The new algorithm can obtain either a single target item or multiple target items in the search space with the probability of success at least 93.43%     

Optical Defect in GaN-Based Laser Diodes Detected by Cathodoluminescence

GaN-based laser diodes （LDs） with 399 nm wavelength are grown on sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition （MOCVD）. Electroluminescence spectra of the fabricated LDs show that the LDs from some grown wafers failed to emit laser. The SEM and XRD results show the similar surface morphology and interface qualities of multi quantum wells （MQWs） and super-lattices between LDs that succeed and fail to emit laser. However, the cathodoluminescence （CL） measurements reveal a kind of optical defect rather than structural defect in un-emitted LDs. Further depth-dependent CL imaging observation indicates that such optical defects originate from the MQWs to the surface of LDs as a non-irradiative recombination centre that should cause the failure of laser emitting of LDs.     

巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷祖母绿的谱学特征研究

随着哥伦比亚祖母绿矿的日益枯竭,巴基斯坦祖母绿逐渐成为市场的主力军之一,运用常规宝石学仪器、红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(UV-Vis-Nir)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿谱学特征进行了较系统的研究。结果表明,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿颜色整体呈深绿色-深蓝绿色,折射率较高为1.589～1.615。巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿中含有种类和数量较多的内含物,其中三相内含物呈边界清晰平直的矩形且具有明显定向性,与俄罗斯、赞比亚和埃塞俄比亚产区祖母绿的三相内含物接近。根据同一样品不同颜色的紫外-可见-近红外光谱和LA-ICP-MS的分析表明,在颜色较深的区域,紫外-可见-近红外光谱显示相对较强的427, 608, 637和679 nm(o光)Cr的R线吸收以及在o光下370 nm Fe的吸收,同时此区域内Cr和Fe含量相对较高,因此祖母绿色带是由含量不同的Cr和Fe所致。巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿是由Cr致色,V对颜色有一定贡献且Cr/V极高。根据LA-ICP-MS结合红外光谱可知,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿属于富碱祖母绿,在红外光谱...     

稀疏正交联合约束多通道非负矩阵分解声信号分离算法

针对复杂环境下多通道声信号分离问题,提出稀疏正交联合约束多通道非负矩阵分解声信号分离方法。首先设计基于多通道扩展坂仓斋藤(Itakura-Saito,IS)散度的稀疏正交联合约束项构造代价函数,给出信号稀疏和信号正交约束辅助函数,实现代价函数最小化求解。然后通过迭代更新规则设计,得到稀疏正交优化的多通道非负矩阵分解基矩阵和系数矩阵,讨论了稀疏正交约束对基矩阵和系数矩阵稀疏性与连续性影响。最后基于多通道信号空间特性,进行了非负矩阵分解基聚类以获得多通道非负矩阵分解声信号的分离结果。双通道音频数据与四通道声学目标分离实验数据测试表明,对音频数据,所提算法在性能指标信号失真比(SDR)上提高了0.84dB,对于直升机声源数据,所提算法在SDR上提高了4.53dB。     

二苯基二氯硅烷与双酚-A的缩聚反应动力学

研究了二苯基二氯硅烷与双酚-A在等克分子比条件下的缩聚反应动力学。采用熔融缩聚时反应速率规律性复杂,结果无法处理;而用萘、二苯醚、苯乙酮等溶剂稀释至一定程度后,前期反应动力学呈现二级反应规律。当温度相同时,溶剂极性越大,反应速率越快;在一定温度范围内反应速率常数的对数与绝对温度的倒数标绘呈线性关系,获得在萘、二苯醚、苯乙酮中缩聚反应的活化能分别为:17.1千卡/克分子,24.8千卡/克分子,10.3千卡/克分子。Lewis碱及其盐对此反应有显著的催化效应。验证了缩聚反应过程中体系极性改变时,反应速率即发生对应的变化,阐明了熔融缩聚反应速率不稳定的原因。提出了反应系按S_N2机理进行。     

超临界二氧化碳介质中钯催化的一些交叉偶联反应的研究

构建新的C—C键, 在有机合成中占有非常重要的地位; 超临界二氧化碳, 作为环境友好的有机反应介质, 已引起人们的广泛关注. 综述了近年来超临界二氧化碳介质中钯催化的C—C键形成反应的研究进展, 包括Heck, Suzuki, Stille和Sonogashira反应等.     

碳纳米管在高压下的电学性质与状态方程

 在金刚石压砧装置上，采用电阻测量方法研究了多层碳纳米管在室温下、23 GPa内的电阻与压力的关系。实验结果表明，在1.5～4.6 GPa内，电阻急剧减小，而在5.7 GPa左右，电阻出现一个极大值。这些变化与碳纳米管的结构、形状和层间距离的变化有关。同时，还在活塞-圆筒式p-V关系测量装置上首次研究了多层碳纳米管在室温下、4.5 GPa内的p-V关系，给出了它在第一次和第七次压缩时的状态方程。