Change in the nature of the Ni diffusion mechanism on the Si(111) surface with adsorption of Co atoms

The diffusion of Ni on a Si (111) surface is investigated by LEED and Auger electron spectroscopy. It is found that, in contrast to the process on the initially clean Si (111)−7×7 surface, on Si (111) surfaces with submonolayer Co coverages the nature of the Ni transport mechanism changes at a temperature of about 750 °C, and the Ni surface diffusion coefficients increase sharply below this temperature. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 9, 611–614 (10 November 1997)     

Algebraic composition operators

The focus of this paper is on the following problem. Given a linear space F of complex-valued functions on a set X and a polynomial p(z), is there an algebraic composition operator on F whose characteristic polynomial equals p(z)? We show that the supply of all the polynomials p(z) for which the answer to this question is affirmative depends heavily on the structure of the space F.     

Quantum optical ramsey fringes and complementarity

An interferometer in which an atom traverses two identical micromaser cavities in succession is proposed. Depending on the preparation of the cavity fields, the probability for finding the atom in a definite final state displays Ramsey fringes or not. If the initial cavity fields are such that the state of the atom between the cavities can be determined, then the Ramsey fringes disappear, as is required by the principle of complementarity.     

Hyperasymptotic expansions of confluent hypergeometric functions

Hyperasymptotic expansions were recently introduced by Berryand Howls, and yield refined information by expanding remaindersin asymptotic expansions. This paper gives a new method forobtaining hyperasymptotic expansions for integrals representingthe confluent hypergeometric U-function. At each level, theremainder is exponentially small compared with the previousremainders, and the number of new terms is increasing. Threenumerical illustrations confirm these exponential improvements.     

Towards an Operational Model for Prevention and Treatment of Asthma Attacks

Asthma is one of the major chronic diseases in many countries. At present there is no cure for asthma, but medical advances can help to reduce the chances of attacks of the condition. Efficient care for asthma involves complexity, uncertainty, variability and the use of scarce resources, and these are the same conditions that indicate a possible use for the modelling approach of operational research. This paper is concerned with a pilot model that was developed through joint work by medical professionals and operational researchers. The development of the model is explained and illustrative results indicate the potential value of the modelling approach for the care of asthma in the community.     

A Note on an Input Control Model of a Predictive Regression Interval

A well-known problem of prediction in linear regression models is to find a confidence interval for the random value of the dependent variable when the values of the independent variables are given. Such a situation may arise in economic quality control models when the independent variables are costly inputs and the dependent variable is some measure of quality or production. In such a circumstance, an important control objective may be to find values for the inputs that will maximize the lower limit of the prediction confidence interval for a fixed budget, or alternatively, to minimize the cost of the inputs for a fixed lower limit of the confidence interval. In this paper, we shall show that global optima can be found using known algorithms. The special case of simple linear regression is discussed and an illustrative example is provided.     

Optimum parameters for the generalized ADI method

Summary. In the context of the generalized ADI method, we are concerned with the problem of finding in the set of rational functions r with numerator degree m and denominator degree n an element that minimizes where E,F are disjoint real intervals. By extending a recent analysis by Levin and Saff, we present an explicit formula for choosing the pair (m,n) for given m +n. Furthermore, we provide a characterization of and a Remes type algorithm for its determination. Extensive numerical computations furnish some comparison of with asymptotically optimal solutions based on Fejér-Walsh and Leja-Bagby points. Received September 6, 1996 / revised version received June 30, 1997     

Single-molecule single crystals

Various approaches to the preparation and verification of single-molecule single crystals are discussed for polyethylene and poly (oxyethylene). Analytic tools are electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The main difficulty in producing a single-molecule single crystal is to keep crystals from joining during growth.     

Synthesis of 1-(3-alkyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-pentofuranosyl)uracils with potential anti-HIV activity.

1-(3-Alkyl-2,3-dideoxy-alpha,beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)uracils and 1-(3-alkyl-2,3-dideoxy-alpha,beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)uracils have been prepared from (E)-4,5-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-aldehydo-D-glycero-pent-2-enose by a Michael addition reaction of the appropriate organocopper reagent followed in subsequent order by glycosidation of the resulting 3-alkyl-4,5-diacetoxypentanal with methanolic hydrogen chloride, protection with p-methoxybenzoyl chloride, and trimethylsilyl triflate catalyzed coupling with 2,4-di-O-(trimethylsilyl)uracil. The nucleosides were deprotected by treatment with 33% methylamine in absolute ethanol and separated by reversed-phase HPLC.