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901.
By immersing a conventional glass axicon in index-matching liquid, we generated high quality, tunable, quasi-non-diffracting Bessel beams. The aberrations resulting from the roundness of the axicon tip are minimized when a large base angle is used in liquid-immersion. This configuration also allows coarse and fine tunability through changing the liquid and adjusting the temperature, respectively. Our experimental results match very well with calculated intensity profiles. We succeeded to generate two-meter long plasma channels in air by focusing femtosecond laser pulses with the liquid-immersion axicon. 相似文献
902.
Laura A. Peña Anton J. Seidl Larissa R. Cohen Patrick E. Hoggard 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2009,34(2):135-141
Irradiation (λ > 320 nm) of ferrocene in chloroform causes decomposition of chloroform and the accumulation of HCl, CCl3OOH, and C2Cl6. This appears to occur initially through a cycle in which (a) ferrocene is oxidized to ferrocenium and tetrachloroferrate
ions, (b) FeCl4
− undergoes photodissociation, and (c) ferrocenium reoxidizes the chloroferrate(II) species. On extended photolysis, the concentrations
of CCl3OOH and FeCl4
− build up and a competing cycle in which FeCl4
− is restored through oxidation of the chloroferrate(II) species by CCl3OOH accelerates the decomposition rate. 相似文献
903.
Craig Aalseth Erica Andreotti Dirk Arnold Joan-Albert Sanchez Cabeza Detlev Degering Andrea Giuliani Raquel Gonzales de Orduña Rodolfo Gurriaran Mikael Hult Martin Keillor Matthias Laubenstein Gilbert le Petit Romul Mircea Margineanu Murray Matthews Harry Miley Iolanda Osvath Monica Pellicciari Wolfango Plastino Hardy Simgen Marc Weber Robert Werzi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,282(3):731-735
Aerosol samples collected on filter media were analyzed using HPGe detectors employing varying background-reduction techniques in order to experimentally evaluate the opportunity to apply ultra-low background measurement methods to samples collected, for instance, by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty International Monitoring System (IMS). In this way, realistic estimates of the impact of low-background methodology on the sensitivity obtained in systems such as the IMS were assessed. The current detectability requirement of stations in the IMS is 30 μBq/m3 of air for 140Ba, which would imply ~106 fissions per daily sample. Importantly, this is for a fresh aerosol filter. One week of decay reduces the intrinsic background from radon daughters in the sample allowing much higher sensitivity measurement of relevant isotopes, including 131I. An experiment was conducted in which decayed filter samples were measured at a variety of underground locations using Ultra-Low Background (ULB) gamma spectroscopy technology. The impacts of the decay and ULB are discussed. 相似文献
904.
Klochkov VV Baikeev RF Skirda VD Klochkov AV Muhamadiev FR Baskyr I Berger S 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2009,47(1):57-62
The gated decoupled (13)C NMR spectra of a dipeptide (Glu-Trp) and a tetrapeptide (NAc-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-OMe) were recorded in D(2)O and in a lyotropic alignment medium (pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether/n-hexanol). The residual dipolar couplings were extracted as the differences between the observed couplings for the magnetic nuclei dissolved in the latter and former media. Using a computational optimization, the spatial structures of the compounds were calculated starting from their respective low energy conformations obtained on a semiempirical basis. The uniformity of each conformation was confirmed by the solid-state (13)C NMR spectra of powder samples. Differences between the starting structures and final ones, optimized when employing residual dipolar couplings, are discussed. 相似文献
905.
906.
Wayne A. Chomitz John Arnold Prof. Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2009,15(9):2020-2030
Ligand scaffolding : The chemist's ability to choose from a wide range of supporting ligands is an important factor in designing new metal complexes. The introduction of new ligand scaffolds with different donor types and coordination numbers allows for the expansion of reaction chemistry at metal centers. This article surveys the use of the tetradentate monoanionic (TMDA) ligands (shown here) with main‐group, transition‐metal, and f‐block elements.
907.
Positively and negatively charged ionic modifications to cellulose assessed as cotton-based protease-lowering and hemostatic wound agents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. V. Edwards Phyllis Howley Nicolette Prevost Brian Condon Judy Arnold Robert Diegelmann 《Cellulose (London, England)》2009,16(5):911-921
Recent developments in cellulose wound dressings targeted to different stages of wound healing have been based on structural
and charge modifications that function to modulate events in the complex inflammatory and hemostatic phases of wound healing.
Hemostasis and inflammation comprise two overlapping but distinct phases of wound healing wherein different dressing material
properties are required to bring pathological events under control when they present as a result of trauma or chronic wounds.
Thus, we have designed cellulose wound dressings with properties that function through modified fiber surface properties to
lower protease levels in the chronic wound and promote clotting in hemorrhaging wounds. With this in mind three finishing
chemistries utilizing traditional pad-dry-cure approaches were explored for their potential to confer charged properties to
cotton dressings. Cellulose dressings designed to remove cationic serine proteases from highly exudative chronic wounds were
created to present negatively charged fibers as an ion exchange mechanism of protease-lowering. Phosphorylated cotton and
polycarboxylic acid crosslinked cotton were prepared to examine their ability to remove human neutrophil elastase (HNE) from
surrogate wound fluid. A cellulose phosphorylation reaction utilizing sodium hexametaphosphate: urea was explored to optimize
cellulose phosphorylation as a function of HNE sequestration efficacy. Acid catalyzed cross linking of cellulose with butane-tetracarboxylic
acid also resulted in a negatively charged dressing that removed HNE from solution more effectively than phosphorylated cellulose.
Collagenase sequestration was also assessed with phosphorylated cellulose and polycarboxylic acid cross linked cellulose derivatives.
Butanetetracarboxylic acid and phosphorylated cellulose functioned to remove collagenase from solution most effectively. Cellulose
dressings designed to accelerate thrombosis and aggregation of blood platelets were prepared with a view to examining derivatized
cotton fibers bearing a net positive charge to promote hemostasis. Cellulose and chitosan dressings bearing an aminoglucan
functionality were created by grafting chitosan on cotton and preparing aminized cotton. The preparation of chitosan-grafted
cotton dressings was completed with a citric acid grafting onto cellulose. Aminized cotton was functionalized as an ethylamino-ether
cellulose derivative. The chitosan-grafted and aminized cotton demonstrated a dose response gelling of citrated sheep blood. 相似文献
908.
Matic Lozinšek Evgeny Goreshnik Anton Meden Gašper Tav?ar 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2009,182(10):2897-2903
In the system BaF2/BF3/PF5/anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) a compound Ba(BF4)(PF6) was isolated and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction on the single crystal. Ba(BF4)(PF6) crystallizes in a hexagonal space group with a=10.2251(4) Å, c=6.1535(4) Å, V=557.17(5) Å3 at 200 K, and Z=3. Both crystallographically independent Ba atoms possess coordination polyhedra in the shape of tri-capped trigonal prisms, which include F atoms from BF4− and PF6− anions. In the analogous system with AsF5 instead of PF5 the compound Ba(BF4)(AsF6) was isolated and characterized. It crystallizes in an orthorhombic Pnma space group with a=10.415(2) Å, b=6.325(3) Å, c=11.8297(17) Å, V=779.3(4) Å3 at 200 K, and Z=4. The coordination around Ba atom is in the shape of slightly distorted tri-capped trigonal prism which includes five F atoms from AsF6− and four F atoms from BF4− anions. When the system BaF2/BF3/AsF5/aHF is made basic with an extra addition of BaF2, the compound Ba2(BF4)2(AsF6)(H3F4) was obtained. It crystallizes in a hexagonal P63/mmc space group with a=6.8709(9) Å, c=17.327(8) Å, V=708.4(4) Å3 at 200 K, and Z=2. The barium environment in the shape of tetra-capped distorted trigonal prism involves 10 F atoms from four BF4−, three AsF6− and three H3F4− anions. All F atoms, except the central atom in H3F4 moiety, act as μ2-bridges yielding a complex 3-D structural network. 相似文献
909.
Larissa R. Cohen Laura A. Pe?a Anton J. Seidl Janet M. Olsen Jennifer Wekselbaum Patrick E. Hoggard 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2009,34(2):1159-1165
Abstract
Near-UV irradiation of solutions of (Bu4N)AuCl4 in aerated ethanol-stabilized chloroform causes the continuous decomposition of chloroform, as evidenced by the production of many equivalents of HCl and peroxides. At the outset of irradiation, most of the AuCl4 − is reduced to AuCl2 −, but the reduction stops and is reversed. The same experiments done in ethanol-free chloroform cause chloroform decomposition only until the irreversible reduction of the gold is complete. In deoxygenated ethanol-free chloroform, irreversible reduction to AuCl2 − is accompanied by the formation of HCl and CCl4, while the main decomposition products in deoxygenated ethanol-stabilized chloroform are HCl and C2Cl6. It is proposed that, in ethanol-free chloroform, photoreduction of AuCl4 − begins with the concerted elimination of HCl from an association complex of CHCl3 with AuCl4 −, and that ethanol suppresses { \textCHCl3 ·\textAuCl4 - } \{ {\text{CHCl}}_{3} \cdot {\text{AuCl}}_{4}^{ - } \} complex formation, leaving a slower radical process to carry out the photoreduction of AuCl4 − in ethanol-stabilized chloroform. In the presence of oxygen, the radical process causes a build-up of CCl3OOH, which reoxidizes AuCl2 − to AuCl4 − and allows the photodecomposition of CHCl3 to continue indefinitely. 相似文献910.
A novel Brönsted acidic room temperature ionic liquid (1‐H‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium bisulfate) is found to catalyze efficiently the acetylation of a wide rang of alcohols as well as phenols with acetic anhydride in good to excellent yields at 50°C under solvent‐free conditions. Products are easily isolated by extraction with ether and the protocol is mild and green, compared to the existing method based on toxic solvents. 相似文献