REAL‐t1, an Effective Approach for t1‐Noise Suppression in NMR Spectroscopy Based on Resampling Algorithm

Summaryof main observation and conclusionIn multidimensional(nD)NMR spectroscopy,t1noise usually appears as ridges along indirect dimen-sions,and affects observation of weak signals.The main source of t1noise is instrumental instability,which causes random variation of FID amplitude during data acquisitions and introduces random noise-like peaks into spectrum after Fourier transformation.A number of efforts have been devoted,in order to develop new method or to improve existing approaches for suppressing t1noise.Herein,we propose a novel t1noise suppression method based on resampling algorithm for data processing,shortenedas REAL-t1.The method was verified using simulated 2D spectra,and NOESY spectra of sucrose and protein GB1,showing that the spectral quality was improved in all cases.The performance of REAL-t1was also compared with another recently pro-posed method,which showed that these two methods provided similar performance while REAL-t1cost much shorter experimental time.     

NHC‐catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Aza‐Benzoin Reaction of Aldehydes with Tetrahydroisoquinolines

Summary of main observation and conclusion Tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives are useful synthetic intermediates,which play an important role in the preparation of natural products,pharmaceuticals and other materials.Herein,we report an unprecedented redox-neutral aza-benzoin protocol to construct such scaffold.Upon exposure of tetrahydroisoquinolines to aromatic aldehydes in the prese nee of an NHC catalyst,the C-l acylated tetra hydroisoquinolines were obtained in moderate to good yields.     

The Promotion Effect of NaCl on the Conversion of Xylose to Furfural†

Summary of main observation and conclusion In this work,the promotion effect of NaCl on the conversion of xylose to furfural in H2O was studied.it was found that xylose conversion and furfural yield increased with NaCl concentration.NaCl decreased the pH of the solution providing H+ for the acid catalytic dehydration of xylose.The formation of oligomers was determined by GPC and ESI-MS in the initial stage of reaction,especially at low temperature.Excess NaCl promoted the formation of humins in the late stage of the reaction.NaCl could also change the decomposition route of formic acid.Meanwhile,NaCl had the ability of phase separation.Combining these effects with organic solvent during the reaction could inhibit the formation of humins and increase the yield of furfural.In NaCl-H2O-THF biphasic system without other catalyst,the optimal furfural yield of 76.7% and selectivity of 77.6% were achieved at 463 K in 2 h.     

Strong and Superhydrophobic Wood with Aligned Cellulose Nanofibers as a Waterproof Structural Material†

Lightweight structural materials are important for the energy efficiency of applications, particularly those in the building sector. Here, inspired by nature, we developed a strong, superhydrophobic, yet lightweight material by simple in situ growth of nano‐SiO₂ and subsequent densification of the wood substrate. In situ generation of SiO₂ nanoparticles both inside the wood channels and on the wood surfaces gives the material superhydrophobicity, with static and dynamic contact angles of 159.4^o and 3^o, respectively. Densification of the wood to remove most of the spaces among the lumen and cell walls results in a laminated, dense structure, with aligned cellulose nanofibers, which in turn contributes to a high mechanical strength up to 384.2 MPa (7‐times higher than natural wood). Such treatment enables the strong and superhydrophobic wood (SH‐Wood) to be stable and have excellent water, acid, and alkaline resistance. The high mechanical strength of SH‐Wood combined with its excellent structural stability in harsh environments, as well its low density, positions the strong and superhydrophobic wood as a promising candidate for strong, lightweight, and durable structural materials that could potentially replace steel.     

Oxidative Dehydrogenative Silylation‐Alkenation Reaction of Alkyl Aromatics with Silanes

A Cu(OAc)₂/DDQ/DTBP/Py system catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative silylation‐alkenation tandem reaction of readily available alkyl aromatic compounds with silanes was established. A variety of functionalized alkenyl organosilicon compounds were provided in good to high yields with a total β‐(E) selectivity. The control experiments revealed that the transformation might proceed through a radical pathway.     

Synthesis of two A-B-C type conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives and their application in organic solar cells

Two A-B-C type conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives C60-2 HMTPB and C60-2 EHTPB were obtained in multi steps synthesis with three different blocks,and the amphiphilic diblock molecular C60-4 TPB was also preferred as a reference.When as modifying layer on zinc oxide(ZnO),the three fullerene derivatives can all reduce the work function of ZnO via modulation of the interfacial dipoles and lead a better electrical coupling.As introducing treatment of toluene,the obvious self-assembly of fullerene derivatives were observed,which were supported by X-ray diffraction and contact angle of water measurement.Base on PTB7-Th:PC71 BM system,the inverted organic solar cells devices with structure of ITO/ZnO/fullerene derivatives/PTB7-Th:PC71BM/Mo03/Al got power conversion efficiencies of 8.62%,8.83%and 9.00%for C60-4 TPB,C60-2 HMTPB and C60-2 EHTPB,respectively,compared 8.13%of devices with bare ZnO.The result of conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives provides a straightforward approaching by simultaneously modulating the morphology and interfacial work function of ZnO,which can also lead high performance in optoelectronic devices.     

Integrating bimetallic AuPd nanocatalysts with a 2D aza-fused π-conjugated microporous polymer for light-driven benzyl alcohol oxidation

Efficient catalytic system with low energy consumption exhibits increasing importance due to the upcoming energy crisis.Given this situation,it should be an admirable strategy for reducing energy input by effectively utilizing incident solar energy as a heat source during catalytic reactions.Herein,aza-fused7 r-conjugated microporous polymer(aza-CMP)with broad light absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency was synthesized and utilized as a support for bimetallic AuPd nanocatalysts in light-driven benzyl alcohol oxidation.The AuPd nanoparticles anchored on aza-CMP(aza-CM P/Au_xPdy)exhibited excellent catalytic performance for benzyl alcohol oxidation under 50 mW/cm^2 light irradiation.The improved catalytic performance by the aza-CMP/Au_xPdy is attributed to the unique photothermal effect induced by aza-CMP,which can promote the catalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation occurring at Au Pd.This work presents a novel approach to effectively utilize solar energy for conventional catalytic reactions through photothermal effect.     

Enhanced TE properties of Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3 nanocomposites by decoupling electrical and thermal properties

Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3 nanocomposites were prepared for the first time by ultrasonic dispersion-rapid freezedrying method combined with spark plasma sintering(SPS).By changing the content of Cu@Ag nanoparticle,we could modulate the temperature dependent thermoelectric properties.The highest ZT value can be obtained at 450 K for 1 vol%Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3,which is benefited from the decoupling of electrical and thermal properties.With the increase of electrical conductivity,the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient lifts while the thermal conductivity declines.Meanwhile,the average ZT value between 300 K and 475 K was 0.61 for 1 vol%Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3,which is much higher than that of pristine Bi2 Te3.Therefore,the decoupling effect of Cu@Ag nanoparticles incorporation could be a promising method to broaden the application of Bi2Te3 based thermoelectric materials.     

Application of Lectin Microarrays for Biomarker Discovery

Many proteins in living organisms are glycosylated. As their glycan patterns exhibit protein-, cell-, and tissue-specific heterogeneity, changes in the glycosylation levels could serve as useful indicators of various pathological and physiological states. Thus, the identification of glycoprotein biomarkers from specific changes in the glycan profiles of glycoproteins is a trending field. Lectin microarrays provide a new glycan analysis platform, which enables rapid and sensitive analysis of complex glycans without requiring the release of glycans from the protein. Recent developments in lectin microarray technology enable high-throughput analysis of glycans in complex biological samples. In this review, we will discuss the basic concepts and recent progress in lectin microarray technology, the application of lectin microarrays in biomarker discovery, and the challenges and future development of this technology. Given the tremendous technical advancements that have been made, lectin microarrays will become an indispensable tool for the discovery of glycoprotein biomarkers.     

Responsive Exosome Nano‐bioconjugates for Synergistic Cancer Therapy

Exosomes hold great potential in therapeutic development. However, native exosomes usually induce insufficient effects in vivo and simply act as drug delivery vehicles. Herein, we synthesize responsive exosome nano‐bioconjugates for cancer therapy. Azide‐modified exosomes derived from M1 macrophages are conjugated with dibenzocyclooctyne‐modified antibodies of CD47 and SIRPα (aCD47 and aSIRPα) through pH‐sensitive linkers. After systemic administration, the nano‐bioconjugates can actively target tumors through the specific recognition between aCD47 and CD47 on the tumor cell surface. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, the benzoic‐imine bonds of the nano‐bioconjugates are cleaved to release aSIRPα and aCD47 that can, respectively, block SIRPα on macrophages and CD47, leading to abolished “don't eat me” signaling and improved phagocytosis of macrophages. Meanwhile, the native M1 exosomes effectively reprogram the macrophages from pro‐tumoral M2 to anti‐tumoral M1.