全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1982篇 |
免费 | 82篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1272篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 70篇 |
数学 | 345篇 |
物理学 | 398篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 21篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 59篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 122篇 |
2011年 | 160篇 |
2010年 | 76篇 |
2009年 | 71篇 |
2008年 | 107篇 |
2007年 | 126篇 |
2006年 | 133篇 |
2005年 | 121篇 |
2004年 | 85篇 |
2003年 | 89篇 |
2002年 | 96篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有2089条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
961.
A new pulse sequence for high-resolution T2-weighted (T2-w) imaging is proposed — image domain propeller fast spin echo (iProp-FSE). Similar to the T2-w PROPELLER sequence, iProp-FSE acquires data in a segmented fashion, as blades that are acquired in multiple TRs. However, the iProp-FSE blades are formed in the image domain instead of in the k-space domain. Each iProp-FSE blade resembles a single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) sequence with a very narrow phase-encoding field of view (FOV), after which N rotated blade replicas yield the final full circular FOV. Our method of combining the image domain blade data to a full FOV image is detailed, and optimal choices of phase-encoding FOVs and receiver bandwidths were evaluated on phantom and volunteers. The results suggest that a phase FOV of 15–20%, a receiver bandwidth of ± 32–63 kHz and a subsequent readout time of about 300 ms provide a good tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency and T2 blurring. Comparisons between iProp-FSE, Cartesian FSE and PROPELLER were made on single-slice axial brain data, showing similar T2-w tissue contrast and SNR with great anatomical conspicuity at similar scan times — without colored noise or streaks from motion. A new slice interleaving order is also proposed to improve the multislice capabilities of iProp-FSE. 相似文献
962.
963.
964.
965.
Ting Yang Michael Malkoch Anders Hult 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(6):1378-1386
Four sets comprising a total of 16 sequential interpenetrating network (SeqIPN) hydrogels were efficiently fabricated via UV initiated thiol‐ene coupling chemistry and from 2 kDa or 8 kDa primary poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) networks (S2 and S8). Each primary system delivered four different SeqIPNs constructed after 2, 4, 20, and 44 h diffusion of secondary network PEG precursors, 2 kDa and 8 kDa. This allowed the assessment of both mechanical and swelling properties for a wide range of novel hydrogels ranging from loosely crosslinked SeqIPN 8‐8 to densely crosslinked SeqIPN 2‐2 systems. All gel fractions of secondary networks were above 83% and 44 h of diffusion was found sufficient to fully saturate the primary networks. Disperse red functionalized PEGs (2 kDa and 8 kDa) were further used as probes to investigate the diffusion mechanisms. The impact of diffusion time on loosely crosslinked S8 network with a swelling degree of 970% and tensile modulus of 175 kPa displayed a significant change in the final properties. For instance, a 2 h diffusion of 2 kDa PEG precursors generated a SeqIPN 8‐2:2 comprising a secondary network solid content of 34% with a water swelling degree 580% and a tensile modulus of 365 kPa. On saturation, that is, 44 h of diffusion, SeqIPN 2‐8:44 exhibited 64% of secondary network solid content, a swelling capacity of 380% and over fourfold of tensile modulus (758 kPa) when compared with the primary network S8. SeqIPN hydrogel with the highest tensile modulus and lowest degree of water swelling was obtained after 44 h diffusion of 2 kDa PEG precursors within the densely crosslinked S2 primary network. In this case, SeqIPN 2‐2:44 noted a water swelling capability of 280% and a tensile modulus over 1 MPa. The latter was twofold when compared with S2 with a tensile modulus of 555 kPa. Consequently, the diffusion time of secondary network is a promising parameter to control and that enables the fabrication of PEG hydrogels with a wider window of mechanical and swelling properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献
966.
Anders Kock 《Applied Categorical Structures》2010,18(2):165-183
The theory of combinatorial differential forms is usually presented in simplicial terms. We present here a cubical version;
it depends on the possibility of forming affine combinations of mutual neighbour points in a manifold, in the context of synthetic
differential geometry. 相似文献
967.
968.
969.
K. E. Anders Ohlsson 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2010,24(2):180-184
The 13C/12C ratio of soil CO2 efflux (δe) is an important parameter in studies of ecosystem C dynamics, where the accuracy of estimated C flux rates depends on the measurement uncertainty of δe. The static closed chamber method is frequently used in the determination of δe, where the soil CO2 efflux is accumulated in the headspace of a chamber placed on top of the soil surface. However, it has recently been shown that the estimate of δe obtained by using this method could be significantly biased, which potentially diminish the usefulness of δe for field applications. Here, analytical and numerical models were used to express the bias in δe as mathematical functions of three system parameters: chamber height (H), chamber radius (Rc), and soil air‐filled porosity (θ). These expressions allow optimization of chamber size to yield a bias, which is at a level suitable for each particular application of the method. The numerical model was further used to quantify the effects on the δe bias from (i) various designs for sealing of the chamber to ground, and (ii) inclusion of the commonly used purging step for reduction of the initial headspace CO2 concentration. The present modeling work provided insights into the effects on the δe bias from retardation and partial chamber bypass of the soil CO2 efflux. The results presented here supported the continued use of the static closed chamber method for the determination of δe, with improved control of the bias component of its measurement uncertainty. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
970.
Chemical-based risk assessment underpins the current approach to responsible development of nanomaterials (NM). It is now
recognised, however, that this process may take decades, leaving decision makers with little support in the near term. Despite
this, current and near future research efforts are largely directed at establishing (eco)toxicological and exposure data for
NM, and comparatively little research has been undertaken on tools or approaches that may facilitate near-term decisions,
some of which we briefly outline in this analysis. We propose a reprioritisation of NM risk research efforts to redress this
imbalance, including the development of more adaptive risk governance frameworks, alternative/complementary tools to risk
assessment, and health and environment surveillance. 相似文献