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281.
For three‐dimensional flows with one inhomogeneous spatial coordinate and two periodic directions, the Karhunen–Loeve procedure is typically formulated as a spatial eigenvalue problem. This is normally referred to as the direct method (DM). Here we derive an equivalent formulation in which the eigenvalue problem is formulated in the temporal coordinate. It is shown that this so‐called method of snapshots (MOS) has some numerical advantages when compared to the DM. In particular, the MOS can be formulated purely as a matrix composed of scalars, thus avoiding the need to construct a matrix of matrices as in the DM. In addition, the MOS avoids the need for so‐called weight functions, which emerge in the DM as a result of the non‐uniform grid typically employed in the inhomogeneous direction. The avoidance of such weight functions, which may exhibit singular behaviour, guarantees satisfaction of the boundary conditions. The MOS is applied to data sets recently obtained from the direct simulation of turbulence in a channel in which viscoelasticity is imparted to the fluid using a Giesekus model. The analysis reveals a steep drop in the dimensionality of the turbulence as viscoelasticity is increased. This is consistent with the results that have been obtained with other viscoelastic models, thus revealing an essential generic feature of polymer‐induced drag reduced turbulent flows. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
282.
283.
284.
The acoustoelectromagnetic interaction is examined in a regime where three mechanisms must be taken into account simultaneously:
photoelasticity, quadratic photoelasticity, and elastic nonlinearity. It is shown that beyond the critical conditions, acoustic
solitary waves are formed at harmonic and subharmonic frequencies in a crystal. Including damping and nonideal reflection
at the boundaries does not lead to the establishment of any sort of stationary state: a soliton spatial-temporal dynamic develops.
Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1101–1104 (June 1997) 相似文献
285.
N. I. Alekseev V. B. Kaplan A. M. Martsinovskii I. I. Stolyarov 《Technical Physics》1997,42(6):599-605
Results are presented from a systematic investigation of the conditions under which anomalously high rates of plasma generation
are observed in the anode region of a low-voltage Knudsen arc in grid plasma switch elements. The phenomenon develops over
a wide range of currents and switched voltages under conditions for which the plasma density in the cathode-grid region is
noticeably higher than the density in the anode region. and its onset is characterized by a pronounced pressure threshold
of ∼2×10−2 Torr. The results are analyzed from the standpoint of the possible mechanisms for anomalous plasma generation — collisional
nonresonance diffusion of electrons in velocity space, leading to enrichment of the distribution function in fast particles,
and the collapse of Langmuir waves in the gap at the high energies of the beam produced when the wires of the grid are bridged
by the quenching pulse and and the current is blocked.
Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 15–21 (June 1997) 相似文献
286.
The yield and energy distributions of potassium and cesium atoms emitted in electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) from a molybdenum
surface, oxidized to different extent and maintained at 300 K, have been measured by the time-of-flight technique with a surface
ionization detector. The ESD threshold for potassium and cesium atoms lies around 25 eV, irrespective of molybdenum oxidation
state. In the case of molybdenum coated by an oxygen monolayer, secondary thresholds at ∼40 and ∼70 eV have been observed,
as well as atomic energy distribution tailing down to very low energies. The most probable kinetic energies of the atoms are
a few tenths of one eV. The results are explained within a model involving Auger neutralization of the adsorbed alkali metal
ions after the filling of the 2s O, 4s Mo, and 4p Mo core holes. The possibility of ESD of a neutral species as a result of oxide-cation core-level ionization has been demonstrated
for the first time.
Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 758–761 (April 1997) 相似文献
287.
Consideration is given to the special features of the excitation of spectra of metals (Ag, Au, Fe, Hg, Pt, and Sb) that manifest
themselves in investigating spectral sources with combined glow discharge (glow discharge and capillary discharge). It is
established that the proposed method for introducing a substance into a plasma makes it possible to realize two fundamentally
different regimes: without evaporation and with complete evaporation and matrix atomization. It is shown that a spectral source
of combined glow discharge with a nonequilibrium plasma has significant advantages for the most important analytical characteristics
over quasi-equilibrium combined discharge at atmospheric pressure. The gold and platinum sensitivity in combined glow discharge
is 10−7%, and the reproducibility of spectral determinations is 0.001–0.100, depending on the measurement range. A fractional separation
of elements that makes it possible to analyze the phase composition of substances, particularly metals, with high sensitivity
is revealed in glow discharge.
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 143–147, March–April, 1997. 相似文献
288.
It is shown that the potential perturbation that shifts a chosen standing wave in space is a block of potential barrier and well for every wave bump between neighbouring knots. The algorithms shifting the range of the primary localization of a chosen bound state in a potential well of finite width are as well applicable to the scattering functions if states of the continuous spectrum are considered as bound states normalized to unity but distributed on an infinite interval with vanishing density. The potential perturbations of the same type on the half-axis concentrate the scattering wave at the origin, thus creating a bound state embedded into the continuous spectrum (zero width resonance). 相似文献
289.
Applying the mass shell condition forq-deformed open and closed strings, new critical space-time dimensions are derived.
Supported by the Algerian Ministry of High Education and Research under contract NoD2501/17/01/93.
Permanent address. 相似文献
290.
New effects are observed wherein the internal structure of the domain walls in a thin magnetic iron garnet film are modified
by the action of focused laser radiation. A single laser pulse with increasing power gives rise to the following: 1) displacement
of vertical Bloch lines in a domain wall; 2) generation of a pair of vertical Bloch lines on initially line-free walls; and,
3) an irreversible change in shape of a domain wall and the domain structure as a whole. The mechanism leading to the generation
and displacement of Bloch lines is connected with the motion of domain walls which is induced by a local change in the distribution
of demagnetizing fields as a result of a heating-induced decrease of the magnetization in the focal spot of the laser radiation.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 6, 398–402 (25 September 1997) 相似文献