A simulation of thermal characteristic parameters with an inverse “S” type curve

A synthetical equation is proposed to characterize the essential features of the inverse “S” type curve on the basis of summing-up simulation approach of “S” type curve. The two physical variables in the model obtained are discussed and the detailed method used to determine the parameters is given. The model is then presented to describe the crystallization of poly(caryleher ether ketone) (PEEK) and thermal decomposition of poly(amide-imide) (PAI) respectively. It is found that some thermal characteristic parameters can be well estimated from the model simu-lated in computer.     

等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定高纯氧化镱中痕量稀土和非稀土杂质研究

本文报道ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ直接测定高纯（５Ｎ～６Ｎ）氧化镱中稀土和非稀土杂质的新方法．对ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ测定中的光谱干扰和基体效应进行了详细考察，结果表明：用镓作内标，可有效地补偿因氧化镱引起的基体效应．方法的检出限在０．０Ｘ－０．Ｘｎｇ／ｍＬ范围；相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）（ｎ＝７）＜１０％．已应用于高纯氧化镱的工艺流程及其产品分析．     

A ternary organic solar cell with 300 nm thick active layer shows over 14% efficiency

In order to meet the requirements for making organic solar cells(OSCs) through solution printing techniques, great efforts have been devoted into developing high performance OSCs with relatively thicker active layers. In this work, a thick-film(300 nm)ternary OSC with a power conversion efficiency of 14.3% is fabricated by introducing phenyl-C_(61)-butyric-acid-methyl ester(PC_(61)BM) into a PBDB-T-2Cl:BTP-4 F host blend. The addition of PC_(61)BM is found to be helpful for improving the hole and electron mobilities, and thus facilitates charge transport as well as suppresses charge recombination in the active layers, leading to the improved efficiencies of OSCs with relatively thicker active layers. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of employing fullerene derivative PC_(61)BM to construct a high-efficiency thick-film ternary device, which would promote the development of thick layer ternary OSCs to fulfill the requirements of future roll to roll production.     

Effect of Butyl α-Hydroxymethyl Acrylate Monomer Structure on the Morphology Produced via Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization-induced Self-assembly

Polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA) is an efficient and versatile method to afford polymeric nano-objects with polymorphic morphologies. Compared to dispersion PISA syntheses based on soluble monomers, the vast majority of emulsion PISA formulations using insoluble monomers leads to kinetically-trapped spheres. Herein, we present aqueous emulsion PISA formulations generating worms and vesicles besides spheres. Two monomers with different butyl groups, n-butyl(n BHMA) and tert-butyl(t BHMA) α-hydroxymethyl acrylate, and thus possessing different water solubilities were synthesized via Baylis-Hillman reaction. Photoinitiated aqueous emulsion polymerizations of n BHMA and t BHMA employing poly(ethylene glycol) macromolecular chain transfer agents(macro-CTAs, PEG45-CTA, and PEG113-CTA) at 40 °C were systematically investigated to evaluate the effect of monomer structure and solubility on the morphology of the generated block copolymer nano-objects. Higher order morphologies including worms and vesicles were readily accessed for t BHMA, which has a higher water solubility than that of n BHMA. This study proves that plasticization of the core-forming block by water plays a key role in enhancing chain mobility required for morphological transition in emulsion PISA.     

均三溴氯磺酚离解与质子化作用的研究

本文报道测钪新试剂均三溴氯磺酚在水溶液中的离解与质子化作用，用电位法和光度法测得了它的逐级离解常数与质子化常数，以及热力学参数，并由分布函数获得试剂主要存在形式和ｐＨ值的关系。     

季铵盐固相催化使聚氯乙烯脱HCl

通过将季铵盐与聚氯乙烯(PVC)混溶成膜,使其在固相脱HCl,研究了催化剂对PVC脱HCl反应速度和产物结构的影响以及固相反应与温度、时间的关系.发现在催化性能上下基铵盐比乙基铵盐好得多,根据实验结果提出了季铵盐通过分解成叔胺实现催化的机理.     

Stability enhancement of nanofibrillated cellulose in electrolytes through grafting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid

This study aimed to improve the stability of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in an electrolyte containing system, which was achieved by the grafting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) via the ceric ammonium nitrate-induced polymerization process. The results indicated that upon grafting the salt resistance and thermal stability of NFC were significantly improved. Moreover, the stability of the modified NFC increased with the AMPS loading. Compared to the control (the original NFC), the poly-AMPS/NFC (357.5 mg/g AMPS) exhibited much improved stability in a 400 mmol/L NaCl solution, and its viscosity was 350 mPa s. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the initial decomposition temperature of the modified NFC increased from 265 to 330 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that the main morphologic features of NFC were not altered, suggesting that the grafting reaction occurred on the fiber surface. The modified NFC can have promising industrial applications, such as oil recovery.     

Accurate mass measurements of organic compounds by an internal standard method for laser desorption/electron impact fourier transform mass spectrometry

A method for determining accurate relative molecular masses and elemental compositions of several non-volatile and thermally labile organic compounds in the source cell was established. The experimental sequence included laser desorption/electron impact Fourier transform mass spectrometry and direct-mode observation over a narrow mass range. Perfluorotributylamine was used as internal calibrant. Errors were about 1 ppm.