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81.
S. Chowta P. K. Mohapatra S. C. Tripathi B. S. Tomar V. K. Manchanda 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,285(2):309-314
Radiochemical results of U isotopes (234U, 235U and 238U) and their activity ratios are reported for well waters as local sources of drinking waters collected from the ten settlements
around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS), Kazakhstan. The results show that 238U varies widely from 3.6 to 356 mBq/L (0.3–28.7 μg/L), with a factor of about 100. The 238U concentrations in some water samples from Dolon, Tailan, Sarzhal and Karaul settlements are comparable to or higher than
the World Health Organization’s restrictive proposed guideline of 15 μg (U)/L. The 234U/238U activity ratios in the measured water samples are higher than 1, and vary between 1.1 and 7.9, being mostly from 1.5 to
3. The measured 235U/238U activity ratios are around 0.046, indicating that U in these well waters is of natural origin. It is probable that the elevated
concentration of 238U found in some settlements around the SNTS is not due to the close-in fallout from nuclear explosions at the SNTS, but rather
to the intensive weathering of rocks including U there. The calculated effective doses to adults resulting from consumption
of the investigated waters are in the range 1.0–18.7 μSv/y. Those doses are lower than WHO and IAEA reference value (100 μSv/y)
for drinking water. 相似文献
82.
B. K. Rana R. M. Tripathi S. K. Sahoo N. K. Sethy V. S. Sribastav A. K. Shukla V. D. Puranik 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,285(3):711-717
A brief study on dissolved radionuclides in aquatic environment, especially in ground water, constitutes the key aspect for assessment and control of natural exposure. In the present study the distribution of natural uranium and 226Ra concentration were measured in ground water samples collected within a 10 km radius around the Narwapahar uranium mine in the Singhbhum thrust belt of Jharkhand, India in 2007–2008. The natural uranium content in the ground water samples in this region was found to vary from 0.1 to 3.75 μg L?1 with an average of 0.87 ± 0.73 μg L?1 and 226Ra concentration was found to vary from 5.2 to 38.1 mBq L?1 with an average of 13.73 ± 7.34 mBq L?1. The mean annual ingestion dose due to intake of natural uranium and 226Ra through drinking water pathway to male and female adults population was estimated to be 6.55 and 4.78 μSv y?1, respectively, which constitutes merely a small fraction of the reference dose level of 100 μSv y?1 as recommended by WHO. 相似文献
83.
Udai B. Singh D.C. AgarwalS.A. Khan Manish KumarA. Tripathi R. SinghalB.K. Panigrahi D.K. Avasthi 《Applied Surface Science》2011,258(4):1464-1469
Hydrophilic Ag nanostructures were synthesized by physical vapour deposition of 5 nm Ag thin films followed by irradiation with 1.5 keV Ar atoms. Optical absorbance measurements show a characteristic surface plasmon resonance absorption band in visible region. A blue-shift in absorbance from 532 to 450 nm is observed with increasing fluence from 1 × 1016 to 3 × 1016 atoms/cm2. Atomic force microscopy was performed for the pristine and irradiated samples to study the surface morphology. The atom beam irradiation induced sputtering and surface diffusion lead to the formation of plasmonic surface. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy of the pristine and irradiated film indicates that metal content in the film decreases with ion fluence, which is attributed to the sputtering of Ag by Ar atoms. The contact angle measurement demonstrates the possibility of engineering the hydrophilicity by atom beam irradiation. 相似文献
84.
Rathore RK Gupta RK Agarwal S Trivedi R Tripathi RP Awasthi R 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2011,29(8):1088-1100
The study was aimed to test the feasibility of utilizing an algorithmically determinable stable fiber mass (SFM) map obtained by an unsupervised principal eigenvector field segmentation (PEVFS) for automatic delineation of 18 white matter (WM) tracts: (1) corpus callosum (CC), (2) tapetum (TP), (3) inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), (4) uncinate fasciculus (UNC), (5) inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO), (6) optic pathways (OP), (7) superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), (8) arcuate fasciculus (AF), (9) fornix (FX), (10) cingulum (CG), (11) anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), (12) superior thalamic radiation (STR), (13) posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), (14) corticospinal/corticopontine tract (CST/CPT), (15) medial lemniscus (ML), (16) superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), (17) middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) and (18) inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) and the principal eigenvector field have been used to create the SFM consisting of a collection of linear voxel structures which are grouped together by color-coding them into seven natural classes to provide PEVFS signature segments which greatly facilitate the selection of regions of interest (ROIs) for fiber tractography using just a single mouse click, as compared with a manual drawing of ROIs in the classical approach. All the 18 fiber bundles have been successfully reconstructed, in all the subjects, using the single ROIs provided by the SFM approach, with their reproducibility characterized by the fact that the ROI selection is user independent. The essentially automatic PEVFS method is robust, efficient and compares favorably with the classical ROI methods for diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). 相似文献
85.
The control of flow in a tundish is important for improving the quality of the steel. Dams, Wiers and Pouring chamber are some of the devices used for controlling the flow in the tundish. The investigation about the role of electromagnetic forces as a replacement for these devices is an objective for the present work. Thus, 3-D MHD simulation was performed to study the effect of electromagnetic forces on flow behaviour in the tundish. The MHD model developed for carrying out the simulation was validated with the analytical solution of the Hartman problem. The results obtained shows improvement in the desired characteristics for inclusion flotataion with magnetic flow modifier of optimum strength of magnetic field. 相似文献
86.
87.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of synthesized nano zinc oxide (n-ZnO) for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+). The synthesized sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Batch experiment results revealed that low dose (4 g L?1) of n-ZnO was highly efficient at the initial metal concentration of 9 mg L?1 in acidic conditions (pH 2) at 50 °C for the contact time of 90 min. A Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was found to be best fitted indicating a homogeneous surface and the adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Intra-particle diffusion was not a rate limiting factor in the present study. Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous at all the studied temperatures with increasing randomness. 相似文献
88.
This paper reports on the change in the magnetic and the structural properties of Pt/Cr/Co multilayers due to 1 MeV N+-ion irradiation at room temperature. We observe irradiation induced formation of the CoCrPt ternary alloy phase at a fluence of 1×1016 ions cm?2. Phase formation is accompanied by an enhancement in the coercivity. The enhancement in the coercivity is attributed to inhomogeneous alloying and possible mixing-induced strain. These findings are explained in the light of ion beam induced recoil mixing and ionization events. 相似文献
89.
R. Brajpuriya S. Tripathi S.M. Chaudhari D.M. Phase T. Shripathi U. Pietsch 《Applied Surface Science》2007,253(21):8584-8587
In situ temperature dependent energy-dispersive structural and magnetic study of electron beam evaporated Fe/Al multilayer sample (MLS) has been investigated. The structural studies show the formation of an intermixed FeAl transition layer of a few nanometers thick at the interface during deposition, which on annealing at 300 °C transforms to B2FeAl intermetallic phase. Magnetization decreases with increase in temperature and drops to minimum above 300 °C due to increase in anti-ferromagnetic interlayer coupling and formation of nonmagnetic FeAl phase at the interface. The Curie temperature (Tc) is found to be 288 °C and is much less than that of bulk bcc Fe. 相似文献
90.
We revisit the well-known topics of self- and induced-screening in an otherwise isotropic neutral plasma/colloid. It is pointed out that the standard Debye-Hückel (DH) theory (ignoring finite size effects) suffers from many ambiguities related to net ionic numbers, total charge of the system, role of the electrostatic Gauss law, short-distance behaviour of the potential and incorrectly normalized pair correlation functions. We give a new formulation (incorporating finite size effects) such that ionic numbers are maintained, the total charge of the system has physically correct value, the Gauss law boundary conditions are rigorously obeyed, short-distance behaviour of the potential is guaranteed automatically, and correlation functions are correctly normalized. Numerical differences between the two approaches show up if the screening length μ−1 becomes comparable to the size R of the system. 相似文献