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81.
The combination of controlled polymerization techniques and "click" reactions form an efficient platform for the preparation of polymers in various architectures. In this critical review, an update of our 2007 review in Chem. Soc. Rev., we focus on the "click" reactions that have been used widely in the last four years to create new polymer architectures. Not only block copolymers and star-shaped polymers but also cyclic and dendritic macromolecules could be synthesized using these robust "click" reactions (205 references). 相似文献
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Esra Altuntaş Andreas Krieg Anja Baumgaertel Anna C. Crecelius Ulrich S. Schubert 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(7):1595-1605
Research in polymer science and engineering is moving from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies in which mass spectrometry (MS)‐based techniques play a crucial role. The molecular complexity of polymers requires new characterization tools and approaches to elucidate the detailed structural information. In this contribution, a comparison study of poly(methyl acrylate)s (PMA) using different tandem mass spectrometry techniques (ESI, APCI, and MALDI MS/MS) is reported to provide insights into the macromolecular structure with the aid of a special MS/MS data interpretation software. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was utilized to examine the fragmentation pathways of PMAs synthesized via various controlled radical polymerization techniques. All three mass spectrometry techniques are used to analyze structural details of PMAs and the labile end‐groups are determined based on the fragmentation behavior in CID. Fragmentation products were identified which are characteristics for the cleavage between the polymer chain and the end‐group. The application of a tailor‐made software is shown to analyze complex MS/MS data, and it is proven that this kind of software will be helpful for polymer scientists to identify fragmentation products obtained by tandem mass spectrometry similar to the fields of proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and glycomics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献
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The Ramanujan Journal - A result by Hashimoto and Ueda says that the graded ring of modular forms with respect to $${\mathrm{SO}}(2,10)$$ is a polynomial ring in modular forms of weights... 相似文献
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J. E. Koch W. Krieg E. E. Harris R. L. Mitchell F. W. Klingstedt W. H. Dore Erich Schmidt A. W. Schorger P. Klason Bror Holmberg und C. Greaves 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1940,119(5-6):237-240
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
88.
Aloys Kuborne 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1892,31(1):729
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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X-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy are used to investigate silicon oxide ultra-thin films. Quantitative results are shown using a reflectivity simulation model based on kinematical X-ray theory. Changes in film thickness are discussed in relation to current density, voltage, charge and anodization time. The density and resistivity of silicon oxide are calculated and compared to that of thermal oxide. The electrical field existing in the layer during anodization is estimated. Surface roughness is also measured locally and averaged over the entire surface, producing a low value that meets microelectronic requirements. Thickness is carefully controlled. We show that ultra-thin silicon oxide films are of very high quality. Similar investigations are made on a twisted bonded silicon substrate obtained by the molecular bonding of two silicon wafers. It is shown that the silicon oxide is also of very good quality and can be used as a sacrificial silicon oxide in thinning down the upper silicon film. Controlled, accurate thinning is achieved down to a thickness of 10 nm, the level which is required for etching the dislocation network present at the bonding interface. 相似文献
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