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81.
Aldo Bressan 《Meccanica》1986,21(1):3-14
Summary One considers a system L[u]=0 of PDEs, quasi-linear (according to [1]) and of order m, which possesses a bicharacteristic line , as it happens in the hyperbolic case. For v=0, , –m (>0) let u(v) be a discontinuity wave of order m+v that solves the system above and whose discontinuity hypersurface includes . The corresponding transport equations along are considered. Furthermore some interesting cases are pointed out, in which these equations turn out to be mutually equivalent in a suitable sense. Some theorems are stated to compare the transport equations for the discontinuities of the above kinds, that are connected with the systems dhL[u]/dth=0 (h=0, , –m) and/or the linearization of the system L[u]=0 around any regular solution of it.
Sommario Si considera un sistema L[u]=0 di equazioni alle derivate parziali, quasi lineare (secondo [1]) e di ordine m, il quale sia dotato di qualche bicaratteristica , come accade nel caso iperbolico. Per v=0, , –m(>0) sia u(v) un'onda di discontinuità di ordine m+v risolvente il detto sistema e avente ipersuperficie di discontinuità contenente Si considerano le relative equazioni di trasporto lungo e si determinano casi interessanti in cui queste equazioni sono mutuamente equivalenti in senso opportuno. Si stabiliscono teoremi di confronto per il trasporto delle discontinuità del tipo suddetto, relative ai sistemi dhL[u]/dth=0 (h=0, , –m) e/o alla linearizazione del sistema L[u]=0 attorno a qualche sua soluzione regolare.相似文献
82.
Natural estrogens in dairy products: Determination of free and conjugated forms by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
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Chiara Cavaliere Anna Laura Capriotti Patrizia Foglia Susy Piovesana Roberto Samperi Salvatore Ventura Aldo Lagan 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(20):3599-3606
Natural estrogens are synthesized by mammals in different amounts depending on the developmental stage and pregnancy/lactation period, and they may pass into milk, where they are mostly present as glucuronated and sulfated forms. In modern dairy practices, about 75% of milk is produced from pregnant cows; therefore, the amount of hormones that may pass into milk could be of concern. While estrogen determination in milk has been investigated in depth, the individual determination of estrogens and their conjugated forms in dairy products has not been fully addressed. The aim of this work was to develop and assess a sensitive method, using the peculiar retention properties of graphitized carbon black, to extract natural free estrogens and their major conjugated metabolites, without any enzymatic cleavage, from yogurt, cheese, and butter. The free and conjugated estrogens were eluted in two distinct fractions from the solid‐phase extraction cartridge and analyzed separately by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries were higher than 80% for all the three sample typologies. The highest matrix effects were observed for butter, which was richest in lipid content, but was below 30%. A survey on some commercial dairy products suggests that production processes decreased estrogen content. 相似文献
83.
84.
Barrelene, H–C(CH=CH)3C–H, is an unsaturated polycyclic hydrocarbon containing three isolated double bonds in a non-planar arrangement. We have studied the transmission of field effects through the barrelene framework by analyzing the small structural changes occurring in the phenyl group of many Ph–C(CH=CH)3C–X molecules, where X is a variable substituent. Molecular geometries have been determined by quantum chemical calculations at the HF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311++G** levels of theory. Comparison with the results obtained for the corresponding saturated molecules, the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives Ph–C(CH2–CH2)3C–X, reveals a small, but significant, field-induced π-polarization of the barrelene cage, especially when the remote substituent is a charged group. Additional evidence of π-polarization is obtained by comparing the electric dipole moments of the two sets of uncharged molecules. The structural variation of the barrelene cage caused by the variable substituent in Ph–C(CH=CH)3C–X molecules has also been investigated. It is much larger than that of the phenyl group and depends primarily on the electronegativity of the substituent. Particularly pronounced is the concerted variation of the non-bonded distance between the bridgehead carbons of the cage, r(C···C) 1 BARR , and the average of the three C–C–C angles at the cage carbon bonded to the variable substituent, α 1 BARR . A scattergram of r(C···C) 1 BARR versus the corresponding parameter for bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives, r(C···C) 1 BCO , shows that the variation of r(C···C) 1 BARR becomes gradually less pronounced than that of r(C···C) 1 BCO as the electronegativity of the substituent increases. 相似文献
85.
Bibienne Thomas Maillaud Laurent Rousselot Steeve Taylor Lauren W. Pasquali Matteo Dollé Mickaël 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2017,21(5):1407-1416
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The preparation of collector- and binder-free, high-energy density cathodes made from carbon-coated LiFePO4 (C-LFP) and single-walled carbon nanotubes... 相似文献
86.
In the rational fraction polynomial method [1] the identification of modal parameters is obtained through a direct linear least-square optimization technique but a particular form of fitting error is minimized. An iterative algorithm has been recently developed which uses the true fitting error [2]. In this paper a statistical analysis is developed to estimate the bias effects on the identified parameters when the data are polluted with noise. Both the direct and iterative procedures are considered. Numerical simulations are used to validate the results predicted by the theoretical analysis, which shows that the iterative approach is by far more efficient than the direct method.A first version of this paper was presented at 17th Int. Seminar on Modal Analysis, Leuven (Belgium), 23–25 September 1992, and preprinted in the Proceedings. 相似文献
87.
88.
Summary The aim of the paper is the presentation of results obtained by the direct numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation in the case of a binary mixture of hard sphere gases. The system of two coupled Boltzmann equations is solved by a techique combining finite differences with the Monte Carlo evaluation of the Boltzmann collision integrals. It is shown how the technique proposed by Aristov and Tcheremissine for a single gas can be extended to a mixture. The resulting algorithm can be very well vectorized and the results of a few test calculations on the vector computer CRAY-XMP 48 are presented.
Sommario Il presente articolo si propone la descrizione di alcuni risultati relativi ai fenomeni di rilassamento omogeneo in una miscela binaria di sfere rigide. Il sistema di equazioni di Boltzmann che regge l'evoluzione temporale delle funzioni di distribuzione dei gas componenti viene risolto numericamente con un metodo che combina l'uso di differenze finite con la valutazione dell'integrale di collisione mediante un inetodo di Monte Carlo. La tecnica presentata costituisce per alcuni aspetti la generalizzazione di quella proposta da Aristov e Tcheremissine per un singolo gas. Si evidenzia inoltre come l'algoritmo sia di per sè in massima parte vettorizzabile e si presentano alcuni risultati ottenuti sull'elaboratore vettoriale CRAY-XMP48.相似文献
89.
Sperb F Werlang IC Margis-Pinheiro M Basso LA Santos DS Pasquali G 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2011,165(2):652-665
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone belonging to a group of hematopoietic growth factors that control the proliferation and
differentiation of bone marrow cells. It induces the production of erythrocytes, thereby increasing the amount of circulating
hemoglobin and oxygen. Previous attempts to transgenically express human EPO in plants failed to succeed because the plants
exhibited abnormal morphology and infertility. In the present work, we describe the generation of fertile transgenic tobacco
plants able to express a synthetic version of human EPO. A 582-bp fragment of the human EPO gene was synthesized using a PCR-based
method and ligated into pCR-Blunt. After sequencing, the human EPO fragment was transferred to pWUbi.tm1 and the expression
cassette was then transferred to the binary vector pWBVec4a. After Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Nicotiana tabacum SR1 plants, integration of the transgene into T0 and T1 plant genomes was confirmed by PCR. The human EPO gene was found to be expressed in tobacco leaves at the mRNA and protein
levels. Self-crossing allowed us to obtain T1 plants exhibiting Mendelian segregation of the transgene. None of the plants presented any kind of malformation or deformity. 相似文献
90.
Campanelli Anna Rita Domenicano Aldo Macchiagodena Marina Ramondo Fabio 《Structural chemistry》2011,22(5):1131-1141
Reference values of the structural substituent parameters, S
E and S
R, measuring the electronegativity and resonance effects, respectively, of functional groups (Campanelli et al. J Phys Chem
A 107:6429–6440, 2003) have been determined from the benzene ring geometries of 100 Ph–X species, including different conformations of the same
molecule. Geometries have been obtained by quantum chemical calculations at the HF/6-31G*, HF/6-311++G**, and B3LYP/6-311++G**
levels of theory. The substituent parameters from HF/6-311++G** calculations are in close agreement with those determined
at the HF/6-31G* level. Using the B3LYP density functional yields S
E and S
R values which—in general—correlate well with the corresponding HF values. Exceptions occur with some charged groups, and,
in the case of S
E, with a few dipolar groups having very high or low electronegativities. S
R values from B3LYP calculations are about 22% smaller than the corresponding HF values. The variations of the benzene ring
geometry caused by electronegativity, resonance, and steric effects are illustrated in some detail. 相似文献