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991.
Hexyl thiol has been transformed to hexyl selenol and related selenides and selenocyanate by substitution of the corresponding hexyldiphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate with selenium nucleophiles. 相似文献
992.
We study the effect of the connectivity pattern of complex networks on the propagation dynamics of epidemics. The growth time scale of outbreaks is inversely proportional to the network degree fluctuations, signaling that epidemics spread almost instantaneously in networks with scale-free degree distributions. This feature is associated with an epidemic propagation that follows a precise hierarchical dynamics. Once the highly connected hubs are reached, the infection pervades the network in a progressive cascade across smaller degree classes. The present results are relevant for the development of adaptive containment strategies. 相似文献
993.
For the first time a very weak N-N stretching band (ν5) of hydrazine was unambiguously assigned in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum. Almost 1500 transitions with a resolution of for K′ from 0 to 6 and for all symmetry species have been analyzed. Despite some perturbations a global fit has been carried out successfully and the band center was determined at , much higher than previously expected. 相似文献
994.
Bounds on isocurvature perturbations from cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data
We obtain very stringent bounds on the possible cold dark matter, baryon, and neutrino isocurvature contributions to the primordial fluctuations in the Universe, using recent cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data. Neglecting the possible effects of spatial curvature, tensor perturbations, and reionization, we perform a Bayesian likelihood analysis with nine free parameters, and find that the amplitude of the isocurvature component cannot be larger than about 31% for the cold dark matter mode, 91% for the baryon mode, 76% for the neutrino density mode, and 60% for the neutrino velocity mode, at 2sigma, for uncorrelated models. For correlated adiabatic and isocurvature components, the fraction could be slightly larger. However, the cross-correlation coefficient is strongly constrained, and maximally correlated/anticorrelated models are disfavored. This puts strong bounds on the curvaton model. 相似文献
995.
Recent experiments [R. A. Gray, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 168104 (2001)]] have revealed striking standing wave patterns in cardiac muscle. In excitable media, such as cardiac tissue where colliding waves annihilate, standing wave patterns result from a fully nonlinear mechanism. We present a possible physical mechanism explaining these patterns. The phenomenon does not depend on the precise excitable model chosen. Analogies are drawn with weak links in superconductors, and phase-slip solutions in the Ginzburg-Landau equations. 相似文献
996.
Chalcogenide glasses are promising candidates for all-optical switching and various nonlinear applications. However, we show that As2S3 thin films are photosensitive at wavelengths in the 1.5-microm telecommunication window. This sensitivity is evidenced by the formation of self-written waveguides in slabs, where channels as narrow as 1 microm are created. We also show the detrimental effects of such photosensitivity in ridge waveguides. This photosensitivity seems to occur only in thin-film form and not in bulk samples or fibers. 相似文献
997.
An efficient double-pulse Ho:Tm:YLF 2-microm laser with total Q-switched output energy of 600 mJ has been demonstrated. A double-pulse pair is obtained per pump pulse. By operation of the laser in a double-pulse format, the residual energy stored among the Tm ions is transferred to the Ho atoms that were de-excited by the extraction of the first Q-switched pulse. Thus, the overall laser efficiency is increased by 61%. 相似文献
998.
A novel type of interferometer was designed and tested experimentally. It combines the advantages of the spatial path separation used in the two-wave polarized Jamin interferometer and the high sensitivity that characterizes the multiwave Fabry-Perot interferometer. Furthermore, when it is sandwiched between crossed polarizers it shows a sensitivity to intracavity anisotropies that is proportional to the square of the Fabry-Perot interferometer's finesse. 相似文献
999.
Half-factoriality is a central concept in the theory of non-unique factorization, with applications for instance in algebraic
number theory. A subsetG
0 of an abelian group is called half-factorial if the block monoid overG
0, which is the monoid of all zero-sum sequences of elements ofG
0, is a half-factorial monoid. In this paper we study half-factorial sets with large cardinality in elementaryp-groups. First, we determine the maximal cardinality of such half-factorial sets, and generalize a result which has been only
known for groups of even rank. Second, we characterize the structure of all half-factorial sets with large cardinality (in
a sense made precise in the paper). Both results have a direct application in the study of some counting functions related
to factorization properties of algebraic integers.
This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (Project P16770-N12) and by the Austrian-French Program ‘Amadeus
2003–2004’. 相似文献
1000.
Gauthier PA Berry A Woszczyk W 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,117(2):662-678
This paper describes the simulations and results obtained when applying optimal control to progressive sound-field reproduction (mainly for audio applications) over an area using multiple monopole loudspeakers. The model simulates a reproduction system that operates either in free field or in a closed space approaching a typical listening room, and is based on optimal control in the frequency domain. This rather simple approach is chosen for the purpose of physical investigation, especially in terms of sensing microphones and reproduction loudspeakers configurations. Other issues of interest concern the comparison with wave-field synthesis and the control mechanisms. The results suggest that in-room reproduction of sound field using active control can be achieved with a residual normalized squared error significantly lower than open-loop wave-field synthesis in the same situation. Active reproduction techniques have the advantage of automatically compensating for the room's natural dynamics. For the considered cases, the simulations show that optimal control results are not sensitive (in terms of reproduction error) to wall absorption in the reproduction room. A special surrounding configuration of sensors is introduced for a sensor-free listening area in free field. 相似文献