Thermal analysis of zeolite ZSM-5 precursors with different Si/Al ratios

The thermal analysis of crystalline zeolite ZSM-5 precurcors with different Si/Al ratios was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere. Different interactions between tetrapropylammonium species and the zeolitic environment were evidenced, depending on the Al content of the crystalline precursors. The results support the mechanism of ZSM-5 formation through a condensation process from the liquid phase.

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Zusammenfassung Thermische Analysen kristalliner Zeolith- (ZSM-5) Vorprodukte mit unterschiedlichen Verhältnissen Si/Al wurden in Stickstoffatmosphäre ausgeführt. Verschiedene Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Tetrapropylammonium-Spezies und ihrer zeolithischen Umgebung wurden nachgewiesen, die vom Aluminiumgehalt der kristallinen Vorprodukte abhängen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für einen Bildungsmechanismus des ZSM-5 über einen Kondensationsprozess aus der flüssigen Phase.

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ZSM-5 . . ZSM-5 .

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This work was carried out with the financial support of the Italian National Research Council Progetto Finalizzato Energetica 2.     

Adsorption of 2-methylbenzoic acid onto MCM-41 mesoporous material: kinetics and equilibrium studies

Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves are widely studied as alternative materials in areas where sorptive and catalytic applications are required. MCM-41 type mesoporous material was tested as sorbent of 2-methylbenzoic acid (MBA), an aromatic carboxylic acid selected as model molecule for adsorption studies on mesoporous silicas. Adsorption kinetic studies of MBA on MCM-41 type materials were carried out using ethanol solutions at different MBA concentrations. Experimental results followed Langmuir isotherm model showing large adsorption capacity (3.5?g/g). Two kinetic models, the pseudo first- and second-order, were selected to describe the adsorption process and to determine the best model fitting with the experimental data. Kinetic parameters for each kinetic equation were calculated and discussed. It was shown that the MBA adsorption process onto MCM-41 material could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation and that the MCM-41 performs as a suitable adsorbent material.     

Efficient synthesis of 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-9-one derivatives based on active manganese dioxide promoted intramolecular cyclization

A series of 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-9-ones have been prepared via in-situ sequential oxidation of [2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methanols promoted by active manganese dioxide. The procedure led to title compounds in good yields under mild conditions, without the need to isolate the intermediate aldehydes.     

Geometric Spin Hall Effect of Light at polarizing interfaces

The geometric Spin Hall Effect of Light (geometric SHEL) amounts to a polarization-dependent positional shift when a light beam is observed from a reference frame tilted with respect to its direction of propagation. Motivated by this intriguing phenomenon, the energy density of the light beam is decomposed into its Cartesian components in the tilted reference frame. This illustrates the occurrence of the characteristic shift and the significance of the effective response function of the detector. We introduce the concept of a tilted polarizing interface and provide a scheme for its experimental implementation. A light beam passing through such an interface undergoes a shift resembling the original geometric SHEL in a tilted reference frame. This displacement is generated at the polarizer and its occurrence does not depend on the properties of the detection system. We give explicit results for this novel type of geometric SHEL and show that at grazing incidence this effect amounts to a displacement of multiple wavelengths, a shift larger than the one introduced by Goos?CH?nchen and Imbert?CFedorov effects.     

The integral approach to the sputtering

Summary The emission-oriented integral form of Boltzmann transport equation is applied to the sputtering phenomenon. It is shown that the central quantity in the formulation, namely the characteristic mean free path of the phenomenon, can be the low-energy transport mean free path. The same mean free path gives a measure of the mean escape depth as derived in experiments and computer simulation studies. Finally, the sputtering yields, calculated by using the same mean free path, when compared with the experimental results, show an evident improvement with respect to the Sigmund theory.     

Demonstration of local teleportation using classical entanglement

Teleportation describes the transmission of information without transport of neither matter nor energy. For many years, however, it has been implicitly assumed that this scheme is of inherently nonlocal nature, and therefore exclusive to quantum systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the concept of teleportation can be readily generalized beyond the quantum realm. We present an optical implementation of the teleportation protocol solely based on classical entanglement between spatial and modal degrees of freedom, entirely independent of nonlocality. Our findings could enable novel methods for distributing information between different transmission channels and may provide the means to leverage the advantages of both quantum and classical systems to create a robust hybrid communication infrastructure.

     

Macroscale time-dependent ionic liquid treatment effects on biphasic cellulose xerogels

Cellulose - The effects of variable ionic liquid (IL) treatment time (1 s–60 min) on macroscale morphology evolution in biphasic cellulose xerogels were measured using...     

Surface immobilization of fibronectin-derived PHSRN peptide on functionalized polymer films – Effects on fibroblast spreading

The Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) sequence in fibronectin is a second cell-binding site that synergistically affects Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). The PHSRN peptide also induces cell invasion and accelerates wound healing. We report on the surface immobilization of PHSRN by spontaneous adsorption on polysiloxane thin films which have different surface free energy characteristics. Low-surface energy (hydrophobic) polysiloxane and the corresponding high-surface energy (hydrophilic) surfaces obtained by UV–ozone treatments were used as adsorbing substrates. The peptide adsorption process was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy. Both adsorption kinetics and peptide rearrangement dynamics at the solid interface were significantly different on the surface-modified films compared to the untreated ones. Fibroblast cells cultures at short times and in a simplified environment, i.e., a medium-free solution, were prepared to distinguish interaction events at the interface between cell membrane and surface-immobilized peptide for the two cases. It turned out that the cell-adhesive effect of immobilized PHSRN was different for hydrophobic compared to hydrophilic ones. Early signatures of cell spreading were only observed on the hydrophilic substrates. These effects are explained in terms of different spatial arrangements of PHSRN molecules immobilized on the two types of surfaces.     

Cracking Analysis of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members

The paper is dedicated to the cracking analysis of FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer)-reinforced concrete elements. A general nonlinear calculation procedure, based on the slip and bond stresses, is described and adopted for the prediction of the crack width and crack spacing in FRP-reinforced concrete beams. An analytical expression of the bond-slip law is estimated using the corresponding experimental results available in the literature. A numerical investigation is carried out and the influence of the mechanical and geometrical parameters of the material (bond-slip law, reinforcement ratio, concrete strength, diameter of rebars, etc.) on the crack formation is investigated. Referring to glass-FRP-reinforced concrete beams, a comparison between the theoretical predictions and experimental results is made. The results obtained are presented and discussed.