A Unified Fixed Point Theory for Countably P -Concentrative Multimaps

New fixed point results and Leray-Schauder alternatives are presented for countably P -concentrative multimaps. The notion of an essential map is also introduced for a wide class of maps.     

Existence results and the monotone iterative technique for systems of nonlinear fractional differential equations

By establishing a comparison result and using the monotone iterative technique combined with the method of upper and lower solutions, we investigate the existence of solutions for systems of nonlinear fractional differential equations.     

EFFECT OF FLAME SUPPORT LAYER GEOMETRY AND MATERIALS ON THE RADIANT EFFICIENCY OF GAS RADIANT BURNERS

Parallel rods / tubes flame support layers were used to study variations in geometry and materials on radiant burner performance. An increased density of rods increased the efficiency, as more surface area was provided to extract the heat of combustion. This effect was attenuated far fraction closed areas above 0·33 because of increased interference of direct base-to-load radiation. Thinner rods (with fraction closed area constant), having a lower thermal conduction resistance, fostered higher efficiency. Greater distances between the base and rods decreased efficiency due to air entrainment. This functioned to cool the base, increasing the range of combustion intensities where a portion of combustion lifted from the burner base. Isolation of radiating materials from conducting to the burner housing resulted in a ～ 5% upward shift in efficiency. Low to high efficiency was measured for alumina, mullite, and oxidized stainless steel rods, respectively; this was related directly to the emittances of the materials used. SiC and MoSi₂ coatings on alumina rods resulted in burners which were as efficient as one with stainless steel rods. A burner designed as a restricted band spectral emitter was not as efficient in its high-emission range as a more graybody emitter under the same combustion intensity; the higher-temperature spectral emitter discouraged extraction of sensible heat from the combustion product stream.     

Effective removal of 4-Aminophenol from aqueous environment by pea (Pisum sativum) shells activated with sulfuric acid: Characterization,isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics

The threat of phenol contamination in aquatic ecosystems is significant for the health of the earth's water systems as well as all humans on it. The present study was conducted to synthesize a cost-effective adsorbent (pea shells activated with sulfuric acid, PSASA) from agriculture waste (pea shells) and its use for effective removal of toxic 4-Aminophenol (4-AP). Newly designed PSASA exhibited significant adsorption of 4-AP which was confirmed by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD analysis. Surface topography confirmed high unevenness of the PSASA surface and the macroporous feature of the PSASA was confirmed by BET analysis. . Multiple testing was done to see how various factors affected adsorption such as adsorbent dose, temperature, pH, PZC, the effect of KCl and urea addition and the effect of the initial concentration of 4-AP. A drop in adsorption uptake of 4-AP was observed as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 45 °C. Maximum adsorption uptake (q_m) was found to be 106.11 mg/g at an optimum pH of 7.0 and 25 °C. Among various adsorption isotherm models tested, Langmuir Isotherm gave the best explanation with high R² values of experimental data. The pseudo-first-order model was found to explain the kinetics of adsorption well. The thermodynamic finding confirms the adsorption process was physical and exothermic. The adsorption of 4-AP was primarily governed by electrostatic interaction, hydrogen-bonding and π-π exchange mechanism. Because of the positive outcomes of the present research, we can use the PSASA as a cost-effective adsorbent for removing phenolic compounds.     

Existence of positive solution for a sixth–order differential system with variable parameters

This paper investigates the existence of positive solutions for a sixth-order differential system with three variable parameters. Using a fixed point theorem and an operator spectral theorem we give some new existence results.