A concise synthesis of furo[3,2-c]coumarins catalyzed by nanocrystalline ZnZr<Subscript>4</Subscript>(PO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>6</Subscript> ceramics under microwave irradiation

A simple and concise method catalyzed by nanocrystalline ZnZr₄(PO₄)₆ ceramics has been reported for the synthesis of a series of trans-2-benzoyl-3-(aryl)-2H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4(3H)-ones using a multicomponent reaction of 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone, benzaldehydes and 4-hydroxycoumarin under microwave irradiation. This method provides several advantages including easy workup, excellent yields, short reaction times, using of microwave as clean method, recoverability of the catalyst and little catalyst loading.     

A mild and efficient approach for the selective deprotection of benzyl and phenyl trimethylsilyl ethers in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride

1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) in the absence of any catalyst mediated the selective deprotection of benzyl and phenyl trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers to the corresponding alcohols and phenol in good yields at room temperature even in presence of alkyl silyl ethers. The work-up of reactions is very simple and the products do not require further purification. The ionic liquid (IL) can be recycled and reused for several runs without any significant loss of activity.     

Integrated Carbon Sequestration–Geothermal Heat Recovery: Performance Comparison Between Open and Close Systems

Transport in Porous Media - In this paper, the lateral boundaries for a theoretical homogeneous, isotropic, horizontal, 3-dimensional sedimentary hot aquifer were prescribed by either unhindered...     

Zeolite Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a Biosensor for Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Tryptophan

A new chemically modified electrode is constructed based on an iron(III) doped zeolite modified carbon paste electrode (Fe³⁺Y/ZCME). The electrode was evaluated as a sensor for sub‐micromolar determination of tryptophan (Trp) and dopamine (DA). The measurements were carried out using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method in a phosphate buffer solution with pH = 5. The prepared modified electrode shows voltametric responses with high sensitivity and stability for DA and Trp in optimal conditions. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for detection of DA and Trp in human serum.     

Visual DNA as a diagnostic tool

We report on the incorporation of the Visual DNA concept in a genotyping assay as a simple and straightforward detection tool. The principle of trapping streptavidin‐coated superparamagnetic beads of micrometer size for visualization of genetic variances is used for PrASE‐based detection of a panel of mutations in the severe and common genetic disorder of cystic fibrosis. The method allows a final investigation of genotypes by the naked eye and the output is easily documented using a regular hand‐held device with an integrated digital camera. A number of samples were run through the assay, showing rapid and accurate detection using superparamagnetic beads and an off‐the‐shelf neodymium magnet. The assay emphasizes the power of Visual DNA and demonstrates the potential value of the method in future point‐of‐care tests.     

Simultaneous determination of some components in detergent washing powder by mid-infrared spectrometry and artificial neural network

A method has been established for simultaneous determination of sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium tripolyphosphate in detergent washing powder samples based on attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR spectrometry in the mid-IR spectral region (800-1550 cm(-1)). Genetic algorithm (GA) wavelength selection followed by feed forward back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) was the chemometric approach. Root mean square error of prediction for BP-ANN and GA-BP-ANN was 0.0051 and 0.0048, respectively. The proposed method is simple, with no tedious pretreatment step, for simultaneous determination of the above-mentioned components in commercial washing powder samples.     

Scaling and complex avalanche dynamics in the Abelian sandpile model

We study the two-dimensional Abelian Sandpile Model on a squarelattice of linear size L. We introduce the notion of avalanche’sfine structure and compare the behavior of avalanches and waves oftoppling. We show that according to the degree of complexity inthe fine structure of avalanches, which is a direct consequence ofthe intricate superposition of the boundaries of successive waves,avalanches fall into two different categories. We propose scalingansätz for these avalanche types and verify them numerically.We find that while the first type of avalanches (α) has a simplescaling behavior, the second complex type (β) is characterized by anavalanche-size dependent scaling exponent. In particular, we define an exponent γto characterize the conditional probability distribution functions for these typesof avalanches and show that γ _α = 0.42, while 0.7 ≤ γ _β ≤ 1.0depending on the avalanche size. This distinction provides aframework within which one can understand the lack of aconsistent scaling behavior in this model, and directly addresses thelong-standing puzzle of finite-size scaling in the Abelian sandpile model.