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111.
Jakob Woisetschl?ger Adam D. Wexler Gert Holler Mathias Eisenhut Karl Gatterer Elmar C. Fuchs 《Experiments in fluids》2012,52(1):193-205
When a high-voltage direct-current is applied to two beakers filled with polar liquid dielectrica like water or methanol, a horizontal bridge forms between the two beakers. By repeating a version of Pellat’s experiment, it is shown that a horizontal bridge is stable by the action of electrohydrodynamic pressure. Thus, the static and dynamic properties of the phenomenon called a ‘floating water bridge’ can be explained by the gradient of Maxwell pressure, replenishing the liquid within the bridge against any drainage mechanism. It is also shown that a number of liquids can form stable and long horizontal bridges. The stability of such a connection, and the asymmetry in mass flow through such bridges caused by the formation of ion clouds in the vicinity of the electrodes, is also discussed by two further experiments. 相似文献
112.
Rongji Liu Kecheng Cao Adam H. Clark Peilong Lu Montaha Anjass Johannes Biskupek Ute Kaiser Guangjin Zhang Carsten Streb 《Chemical science》2020,11(4):1043
The top-down fabrication of catalytically active molecular metal oxide anions, or polyoxometalates, is virtually unexplored, although these materials offer unique possibilities, for catalysis, energy conversion and storage. Here, we report a novel top-down route, which enables the scalable synthesis and deposition of sub-nanometer molybdenum-oxo clusters on electrically conductive mesoporous carbon. The new approach uses a unique redox-cycling process to convert crystalline MoIVO2 particles into sub-nanometer molecular molybdenum-oxo clusters with a nuclearity of ∼1–20. The resulting molybdenum-oxo cluster/carbon composite shows outstanding, stable electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction with catalyst characteristics comparable to those of commercial Pt/C. This new material design could give access to a new class of highly reactive polyoxometalate-like metal oxo clusters as high-performance, earth abundant (electro-)catalysts.The top-down synthesis and deposition of polyoxometalate-like clusters on porous carbon is reported together with the high electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactivity of the composite. 相似文献
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116.
Adam M. Graichen Richard W. Vachet 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2013,24(6):917-925
The gas-phase reactions of a series of coordinatively unsaturated [Ni(L)n]y+ complexes, where L is a nitrogen-containing ligand, with chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants in a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer were investigated as part of a new approach to detect CWAs. Results show that upon entering the vacuum system via a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane introduction, low concentrations of several CWA simulants, including dipropyl sulfide (simulant for mustard gas), acetonitrile (simulant for the nerve agent tabun), and diethyl phosphite (simulant for nerve agents sarin, soman, tabun, and VX), can react with metal complex ions generated by electrospray ionization (ESI), thereby providing a sensitive means of detecting these compounds. The [Ni(L)n]2+ complexes are found to be particularly reactive with the simulants of mustard gas and tabun, allowing their detection at low parts-per-billion (ppb) levels. These detection limits are well below reported exposure limits for these CWAs, which indicates the applicability of this new approach, and are about two orders of magnitude lower than electron ionization detection limits on the same mass spectrometer. The use of coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes as reagent ions offers the possibility of further tuning the ion-molecule chemistry so that desired compounds can be detected selectively or at even lower concentrations. Figure
? 相似文献
117.
Novel Copolymers of Styrene and Alkoxy Ring‐Substituted 2‐Cyano‐N,N‐Dimethyl‐3‐Phenyl‐2‐Propenamides
Gregory B. Kharas Xue Tian Adam C. Hermsen Aditi S. Jani Larissa I. Kozij Emira Hadziahmetovic 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(10):1485-1492
Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, alkoxy ring‐substituted 2‐cyano‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenamides, RC6H4CH?C(CN)CON(CH3)2 (where R is 2‐OCH3, 3‐OCH3, 4‐OCH3, 2‐OCH2CH3, 3‐OCH2CH3, 4‐OCH2CH2CH3, 4‐OCH2CH2CH2CH3), were synthesized by potassium hydroxide catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring‐substituted benzaldehydes and N,N‐dimethyl cyanoacetamide, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. Novel copolymers of the ethylenes and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed composition by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator, ACBN at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. High Tg of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis indicated that the copolymers decompose in the 300–450°C range. 相似文献
118.
Nathaniel W. Alcock Adam J. Clarke William Errington Ana Maria Josceanu Peter Moore Simon C. Rawle 《Supramolecular chemistry》2013,25(3-4):281-291
Abstract A series of azamacrocycles which have been N-functionalised with pendent pyridylmethyl-(pyCH2-), bipyridylmethyl-(bipyCH2-) and terpyridylmethyl- (terpyCH2-) arms have been synthesised and characterised, and some of their coordination chemistry with transition metal ions is reported. By attaching the pendent-arms at the 5- rather than the 6-position of the py, bipy and terpy, new ligands are generated which can be used to form polynuclear metal complexes in a controlled and systematic fashion. Fluorescent pH and transition metal ion sensors have been developed by reacting the azamacrocyclic N-pendent bipyCH2 arm(s) with cis-[Ru(bipy)2Cl2], to give macrocycles with up to four attached [Ru(bipy)3]2+ groups. That based on 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (9N3), with three attached [Ru(bipy)3]2+ groups, has a first photo excited state pKa of 7.1, and is a useful fluorescent sensor for physiological pH at below micromolar concentrations. The analogous derivative of cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) carrying four [Ru(bipy)3]2+ groups has a first photo excited state pKa of 5.7, allowing kinetic and thermodynamic fluorescence studies of metal ion uptake by an azamacrocycle at neutral pH without complications from protonated species. A pre-organised hexadentate tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) chelating ligand, 1,4,7-tris(2′,2″-bipyridyl-5′-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L) has been developed, and crystal structures of mononuclear complexes [M(LH)]3+ (M = Ru, Cu) are reported. In [M(LH)]3+ the azamacrocyclic N-atoms are non-coordinating to M, but have a very high affinity for a single proton trapped in the macrocyclic cavity. An analogous and potentially nonadentate ligand has been developed based on 9N3 with three N-pendent terpyCH2-arms. 相似文献
119.
Kennedy F. Rubert-Nason Liza M. Holeski John J. Couture Adam Gusse Daniel J. Undersander Richard L. Lindroth 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(4):1333-1344
Poplar (Populus) and birch (Betula) species are widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, where they are foundation species in forest ecosystems and serve as important sources of pulpwood. The ecology of these species is strongly linked to their foliar chemistry, creating demand for a rapid, inexpensive method to analyze phytochemistry. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as an inexpensive, high-throughput tool for determining primary (e.g., nitrogen, sugars, starch) and secondary (e.g., tannins, phenolic glycosides) foliar chemistry of Populus and Betula species, and identifies conditions necessary for obtaining reliable quantitative data. We developed calibrations with high predictive power (residual predictive deviations?≤?7.4) by relating phytochemical concentrations determined with classical analytical methods (e.g., spectrophotometric assays, liquid chromatography) to NIR spectra, using modified partial least squares regression. We determine that NIRS, although less sensitive and precise than classical methods for some compounds, provides useful predictions in a much faster, less expensive manner than do classical methods. Graphical abstract
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy with calibrations based on modified partial least squares regression can provide quantitative measurements of foliar nitrogen, carbohydrate, tannin, and phenolic glycoside content in poplar and birch 相似文献
120.
A facile one-step synthesis of spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione(1) from p-methoxyphenylacetyl chloride via a Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by ring closure is reported. 相似文献