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51.
Sagir Mustapha Mustapha Mohammed Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau Aishatu Shehu Lukman Mustapha Ibrahim Muazzamu Aliyu Rabiu Nuhu Danraka Abdulbasit Amin Auwal Adam Bala Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool Mohd Rais Mustafa Siti Safiah Mokhtar 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(14)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a multifunctional role in lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, protein folding, and processing. Thus, maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for cellular functions. Several pathophysiological conditions and pharmacological agents are known to disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, causing ER stress. The cells react to ER stress by initiating an adaptive signaling process called the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the ER initiates death signaling pathways when ER stress persists. ER stress is linked to several diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, its regulation can provide possible therapeutic targets for these. Current evidence suggests that chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia linked to type II diabetes disrupt ER homeostasis, thereby, resulting in irreversible UPR activation and cell death. Despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the UPR and ER stress, to date, the mechanisms of ER stress in relation to type II diabetes remain unclear. This review provides up-to-date information regarding the UPR, ER stress mechanisms, insulin dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the therapeutic potential of targeting specific ER stress pathways. 相似文献
52.
Abdallah M. Zeid Abubakar Abdussalam Saima Hanif Saima Anjum Baohua Lou Guobao Xu 《Electrophoresis》2023,44(1-2):15-34
Life-threatening diseases, such as hepatitis B, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, are widespread due to pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive, rapid, portable, cost-effective, and selective methods for the analysis of such microorganisms is a great challenge. Microchip electrophoresis (ME) has been widely used in recent years for the analysis of bacterial and viral pathogens in biological and environmental samples owing to its portability, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid analysis. However, microbial enrichment and purification are critical steps for accurate and sensitive analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in complex matrices. Therefore, we first discussed the advances in the sample preparation technologies associated with the accurate analysis of such microorganisms, especially the on-chip microfluidic-based sample preparations such as dielectrophoresis and microfluidic membrane filtration. Thereafter, we focused on the recent advances in the lab-on-a-chip electrophoretic analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in different complex matrices. As the microbial analysis is mainly based on the analysis of nucleic acid of the microorganism, the integration of nucleic acid-based amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, and multiplex PCR with ME will result in an accurate and sensitive analysis of microbial pathogens. Such analyses are very important for the point-of-care diagnosis of various infectious diseases. 相似文献
53.
Low-Lying Isomers of (TiO\begin{document}$_{2}$\end{document} )\begin{document}$_{n}$\end{document} (\begin{document}${n}$\end{document} =2-8) Clusters 下载免费PDF全文
Although there are diverse bond features of Ti and O atoms, so far only several isomers have been reported for each (TiO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} )\begin{document}$_n$\end{document} cluster. Instead of the widely used global optimization, in this work, we search for the low-lying isomers of (TiO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} )\begin{document}$_n$\end{document} (\begin{document}$n$\end{document} =2\begin{document}$-$\end{document} 8) clusters with up to 10000 random sampling initial structures. These structures were optimized by the PM6 method, followed by density functional theory calculations. With this strategy, we have located many more low-lying isomers than those reported previously. The number of isomers increases dramatically with the size of the cluster, and about 50 isomers were found for (TiO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} )\begin{document}$_7$\end{document} and (TiO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} )\begin{document}$_8$\end{document} with the energy within kcal/mol. Furthermore, new lowest isomers have been located for (TiO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} )\begin{document}$_5$\end{document} and (TiO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} )\begin{document}$_8$\end{document} , and isomers with three terminal oxygen atoms, five coordinated oxygen atoms as well as six coordinated titanium atoms have been located. Our work highlights the diverse structural features and a large number of isomers of small TiO\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} clusters. 相似文献
54.
Zakariyya Uba Zango John Ojur Dennis A. I. Aljameel Fahad Usman Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali Bashir Abubakar Abdulkadir Saja Algessair Osamah A. Aldaghri Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(15)
Successful synthesis of ZnO-chitosan nanocomposites was conducted for the removal of methylene blue from an aqueous medium. Remarkable performance of the nanocomposites was demonstrated for the effective uptake of the dye, thereby achieving 83.77, 93.78 and 97.93 mg g−1 for the chitosan, 5 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan and 10 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan, respectively. The corresponding adsorption efficiency was 88.77, 93.78 and 97.95 for the chitosan, 5 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan and 10 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan, respectively. Upon regeneration, good reusability of the nanocomposites was manifested for the continuous removal of the dye up to six consecutive cycles. The adsorption process was kinetically described by a pseudo-first order model, while the isotherms were best fitted by the Langmuir model. 相似文献
55.
Doga Kavaz Amina Lawan Abubakar Nahit Rizaner Huzaifa Umar 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(13)
Nano-based particles synthesized via green routes have a particular structure that is useful in biomedical applications as they provide cheap, eco-friendly, and non-toxic nanoparticles. In the present study, we reported the effect of various concentrations of Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using A. lebbeck stem bark extract (ZnO NPsAL) as stabilizing agent on rat biochemical profiles and tissue morphology. Adult Wistar rats weighing 170 ± 5 g were randomly classified into eight groups of five rats each; Group A served as a control fed with normal diet and water. Groups B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, and E were treated with 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg of the 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL and zinc nitrate daily by the gavage method, respectively. The rats were anesthetized 24 h after the last treatment, blood samples, kidney, heart, and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The rats mean body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly altered with an increased concentration of biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL when compared with the control group (p < 0.05; n ≥ 5). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of treated rats’ kidney, heart, and liver tissue revealed vascular congestion, tubular necrosis, inflammation, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL showed significant alteration in biochemical parameters and tissue morphology in rats with increasing concentrations of the nanoparticles. 相似文献
56.
Hussein K. Amusa Dr. Sagir Adamu Dr. Abeer S. Arjah Dr. Saad A. Al-Bogami Dr. Sameer Al-Ghamdi Prof. Shaikh A. Razzak Prof. Mohammad M. Hossain 《化学:亚洲杂志》2021,16(13):1792-1806
The kinetics of oxidative cracking of n-hexane to light olefins using the lattice oxygen of VOx/SrO-γAl2O3 catalysts has been investigated. Kinetic experiments were conducted in a CREC Riser Simulator (CERC: Chemical Reactor Engineering Center), which mimics fluidized bed reactors. The catalyst's performance is partly attributed to the moderate interaction between active VOx species and the SrO-γAl2O3 support. This moderate interaction serves to control the release of lattice oxygen to curtail deep oxidation. The incorporation of basic SrO component in the support also helped to moderate the catalyst's acidity to checkmate excessive cracking. Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was applied to formulate the rate equations. The intrinsic kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the kinetic model using a nonlinear regression algorithm at a 95% confidence interval, implemented in MATLAB. n-Hexane transforms to olefins at a specific reaction rate of 1.33 mol/gcat.s and activation energy of 119.2 kJ/mol. These values when compared with other duplets (i. e., ki° and EA) for paraffins to olefins, show that indeed olefins are stable products of the oxidative conversion of n-hexane over VOx/SrO-γAl2O3 under a fluidized bed condition. Values of activation energy for all COx formation routes indicate that intermediate paraffins are likely to be cracked to form CH4 than to be converted directly to COx. On the other hand, olefins may transform partly, and directly to COx (E9=9.65 kJ/mol) than to form CH4 (E8=89.1 kJ/mol) in the presence of excess lattice oxygen. Overall, olefins appear to be stable to deep oxidation due to the role of SrO in controlling the amount of lattice oxygen of the catalyst at the reaction temperature. 相似文献
57.
The paper reports the results of interviews with senior government administrators in Nigeria in which they were asked a range of questions about their own work and about the problems that are likely to be encountered in trying to introduce operational research into the government service. It is thus in contrast with most papers on O.R. in developing countries, which are written primarily from the viewpoint of practitioners. The administrators confirmed that there was a wide range of problems recognized as being suitable for the O.R. approach, and identified some of the barriers to the introduction of an effective O.R. service. 相似文献
58.
An Accelerated Algorithm Involving Quasi-$\phi$-Nonexpansive Operators for Solving Split Problems 下载免费PDF全文
Bashir Ali Aisha Aminu Adam Abubakar Adamu 《Journal of Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis》2023,5(1):54-72
In this paper, an algorithm of inertial type for approximating solutions of split equality fixed point problems involving quasi-$\phi$-nonexpansive maps is proposed and studied in the setting of certain real Banach spaces. Weak and strong convergence theorems are proved under some conditions. Some applications of the theorems are presented. The results presented extend and improve some existing results. Finally, some numerical illustrations are presented to support our theorems and their applications. 相似文献