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Droplet-based microfluidic platforms for the encapsulation and screening of Mammalian cells and multicellular organisms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Clausell-Tormos J Lieber D Baret JC El-Harrak A Miller OJ Frenz L Blouwolff J Humphry KJ Köster S Duan H Holtze C Weitz DA Griffiths AD Merten CA 《Chemistry & biology》2008,15(5):427-437
High-throughput, cell-based assays require small sample volumes to reduce assay costs and to allow for rapid sample manipulation. However, further miniaturization of conventional microtiter plate technology is problematic due to evaporation and capillary action. To overcome these limitations, we describe droplet-based microfluidic platforms in which cells are grown in aqueous microcompartments separated by an inert perfluorocarbon carrier oil. Synthesis of biocompatible surfactants and identification of gas-permeable storage systems allowed human cells, and even a multicellular organism (C. elegans), to survive and proliferate within the microcompartments for several days. Microcompartments containing single cells could be reinjected into a microfluidic device after incubation to measure expression of a reporter gene. This should open the way for high-throughput, cell-based screening that can use >1000-fold smaller assay volumes and has approximately 500x higher throughput than conventional microtiter plate assays. 相似文献
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Xiaohan Wu Suming Li Abdeslam El Ghzaoui 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2012,50(19):1352-1355
A series of polylactide/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA/PEG) block copolymers were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of L ‐ or D ‐lactide in the presence of mono‐ or di‐hydroxyl PEG. The effects of stereocomplexation on the physicochemical behavior of PLA/PEG copolymers in aqueous solution were investigated by varying the degree of stereocomplexation or PLLA/PEG to PDLA/PEG ratio. In mixture solutions of insoluble and soluble copolymers, stereocomplexation strongly affects the solubility of the copolymers. In mixture solutions of soluble copolymers, both the size and aggregation number (Nagg) of the aggregates vary as a function of the degree of stereocomplexation. It is suggested that the size variation of the aggregates with increasing the degree of stereocomplexation is dependent on Nagg changes which are determined by two effects: the self‐adjusting of the aggregates so as to minimize the free energy and thus to increase the Nagg, and the kinetics of aggregation which tend to form more aggregates and thus to decrease the Nagg. Combination of the two opposite effects well explains the diverse variations of Nagg and size of the aggregates as a function of the degree of stereocomplexation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012 相似文献
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The reaction of 1,n-dichloroalkanes 3a (n=2-6) with an excess of lithium powder and a catalytic amount of 4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenyl (DTBB; 2.5 mol %) in the presence of different carbonyl compounds [ButCHO, PhCHO, Et2CO, (CH2)4CO, (CH2)5CO, (CH2)7CO, (−)-menthone], in THF at −78 °C leads, after hydrolysis with water, to the expected 1,(n+2)-diols 4, yields being <25% for n=2, 3 and in the range of 45-79% for n=4-6. When the same protocol is applied to 1,n-bromochloroalkanes 3b and 1,n-dibromoalkanes 3c (n=2-6), diols 4 are obtained in general with lower yields. 相似文献