2020 Roadmap on Carbon Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion

Carbon is a simple, stable and popular element with many allotropes. The carbon family members include carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, graphite, graphdiyne and hard carbon, etc. They can be divided into different dimensions, and their structures can be open and porous. Moreover, it is very interesting to dope them with other elements (metal or non‐metal) or hybridize them with other materials to form composites. The elemental and structural characteristics offer us to explore their applications in energy, environment, bioscience, medicine, electronics and others. Among them, energy storage and conversion are extremely attractive, as advances in this area may improve our life quality and environment. Some energy devices will be included herein, such as lithium‐ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, dual ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and others. Additionally, carbon‐based electrocatalysts are also studied in hydrogen evolution reaction and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. However, there are still many challenges in the design and preparation of electrode and electrocatalytic materials. The research related to carbon materials for energy storage and conversion is extremely active, and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Carbon Materials in Energy Storage and Conversion’.     

樟脑基苯甲酰胺类化合物的合成及生物活性研究

以天然樟脑为原料,经中间体樟脑肟和樟脑胺,以及樟脑胺与取代苯甲酰氯的N-酰化反应,合成得到9个樟脑基苯甲酰胺类化合物(3a～3i)。初步探索了合成条件,并通过FT IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、ESIMS和元素分析等多种手段对目标产物进行结构表征。生物活性测试表明,在50mg/L浓度下,所合成的化合物对5种植物病原菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物3c(R=2-Cl)和3i(R=4-F)对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率分别达97.5%和96.4%,化合物3i对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率为95.7%。在100mg/L浓度下,化合物对油菜的胚根生长均显示良好的抑制活性,其中化合物3b(R=4-Cl)的抑制率达97.4%。     

有机五价碘氧化试剂

介绍了最近几年有关五价碘氧化试剂在有机合成中应用的研究进展,主要从合成、应用、机理方面进行了阐述。     

负载型金属氧化物在煤制备氢气中的应用及表征

1引言 煤热解产生的富氢气体经过富集和纯化,得到的氢气既可作为氢燃料电池或航空航天发动机的燃料,也可以作为化工原料,还可用于改善其它气体燃料的燃烧性能等,用途广泛.所以,用热解煤的方法生产的洁净或改质的燃料,既能减少燃煤造成的环境污染,又能充分利用煤中所含的较高经济价值的化合物,具有保护环境、节能和合理利用煤炭资源的广泛意义.目前,对于煤热解制备氢气相应的催化剂还没有系统的研究.本实验以γ-Al2O3载体负载系列氧化物为催化剂,对煤热解制备氢气反应进行研究,比较了不同负载型氧化物催化剂对煤热解产生氢气的催化反应活性的差异.     

Synthesis of 2S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3R-hydroxy-4S-(thymin-1-yl or adenin-9-yl)-tetrahydrofuran

Two synthetic strategies were developed to obtain isonucleosides 2a and 2b. Starting from the known compound 4, an extension of one carbon unit at sugar 6-terminal was achieved by Wittig reaction and Stannyl-desulfonylation reaction. After oxidation of the double bond, the isonucleosides with elongated side chain 2a and 2b were synthesized. For the synthesis of isonucleosides containing different bases, an epoxide intermediate approach was developed. Isonucleosides 2a and 2b were synthesized by regioselective epoxide opening reaction of 18 in good yield.     

ZnIn2S4 flowerlike microspheres embedded with carbon quantum dots for efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

Development of efficient heterostructured photocatalysts that respond to visible light remains a considerable challenge. We herein show the synthesis of ZnIn₂S₄/carbon quantum dot hybrid photocatalysts with flowerlike microspheres via a facile solvothermal method. The ZnIn₂S₄/carbon quantum dot flowerlike microspheres display enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity compared with that of pure ZnIn₂S₄. With a content of only 0.5 wt % carbon quantum dots, 93% of Cr(VI) is reduced under visible-light irradiation at 40 min. As a co-catalyst, the carbon quantum dots improve the light absorption and lengthen the lifetime of charge carriers, consequently enhancing the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity.     

高三尖杉酯碱和三尖杉酯碱的合成研究

天然药物高三尖杉酯碱和三尖杉酯碱是从三尖杉植物的叶和茎中分离得到的微量生物碱,是手性化合物。结构上,二者不仅含有一个共同的母核三尖杉碱,酯基侧链的α位也均为手性叔醇。因母核三尖杉碱和酯基侧链较大的空间位阻,两个结构片段的酯化偶联具有较大的挑战性。设计合成位阻较小的侧链中间体是酯化反应发生的关键。因此,化学家们相继合成了结构多样的α-羰基羧酸侧链以及含有杂环的侧链中间体,如四元内酯杂环侧链、四氢呋喃杂环侧链、六氢吡喃杂环侧链、七元内酯杂环侧链,并成功地完成了高三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱和同属其他活性生物碱的合成。本文基于本课题组的相关研究,根据侧链片段的构建策略和方法,综述了天然药物高三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱以及其他天然产物的合成研究。不仅总结了近几年来的新进展,还对我国老一辈的科学家们在此方面作出的贡献进行了回顾。     

MOS结构电离辐射效应模型研究

基于氧化层空穴俘获和质子诱导界面陷阱电荷形成物理机制的分析,分别建立了MOS结构电离辐射诱导氧化层陷阱电荷密度、界面陷阱电荷密度与辐射剂量相关性的物理模型.由模型可以得到,在低剂量辐照条件下辐射诱导产生的两种陷阱电荷密度与辐射剂量成线性关系,在中到高辐射剂量下诱导陷阱电荷密度趋于饱和,模型可以很好地描述这两种陷阱电荷与辐射剂量之间的关系.最后讨论了低剂量辐照下,两种辐射诱导陷阱电荷密度之间的关系,认为低辐射剂量下两者存在线性关系,并用实验验证了理论模型的正确性.该模型为辐射环境下MOS器件辐射损伤提供了更 关键词： MOS结构 辐射 界面陷阱 氧化层陷阱     

光纤激光阵列目标在回路自适应光学系统的数值模拟

研究了光纤激光阵列目标在回路自适应光学系统在实际大气环境中的传输.从光纤激光阵列、激光在大气中的传输、目标和优化算法四个方面,建立了光纤激光阵列目标在回路自适应光学系统的理论模型.在不同强度大气湍流下,对系统补偿大气湍流影响的效果进行了研究,并对系统控制参数优化进行了简单探讨.结果表明,目标在回路闭环控制结构能够有效补...