通过在线~7Li-NMR谱对负离子聚合见解的进一步验证

通过对正丁基锂(n-BuLi)/四氢呋喃(THF)引发α-甲基苯乙烯(mSt)负离子本体聚合,验证了n-BuLi缔合体可以引发聚合,形成超分子团聚体,然后在进一步聚合过程中超分子解离.证实了先前提出的负离子聚合的引发机理.通过7Li-NMR对聚合过程的在线检测,进一步证实了mSt在氘代苯为溶剂,THF为调节剂下的负离子聚合以及异戊二烯在非极性条件下的溶液聚合都存在引发剂多元缔合体向二元缔合体转变.研究还发现,少量THF可能使n-BuLi的六元缔合结构2～3个进一步串联起来,但先于六元缔合结构解离.此外,THF与n-BuLi作用,随着n-BuLi/THF的摩尔比从1∶1到1∶5的变化,可以使n-BuLi的巨大缔合体解离并向六元缔合体转变.     

利用调和积分核求解二维狄氏问题

本文给出调和积分核的定义,证明它与狄氏问题的几个关系,然後应用於解决具体问题. §1.有调和函数U(r,θ),它的值在半径为R的圆周上已给定为f(θ),在圆内部之值U(r,θ)由柏桑公式给出     

光电子学与光电子产业专题系列介绍 量子阱电光调制器和光开关

讨论了半导体量子阱中量子限制Ｓｔａｒｋ效应（ＱＣＳＥ）──垂直于量子阶层而的电场下吸收边的红移现象．由于这个效应,量子阱材料吸收边附近的光学常数受电场调制,其调制率比体村料大得多．利用吸收系数的变化可以制作光强度调制器和光开关,利用折射率的变化可以制作光相位调制器和光开关．这些器件因其工作电压低、调制率高、插入损耗小、功耗小,可以和其他光器件单片集成,在光通信和光信息处理技术中有实用价值．也讨论了半导体超晶格中Ｗａｎｎｉｅｒ－Ｓｔａｒｋ局域化效应,它引起超晶格吸收边的兰移,这一效应也可用于制作光调制器和光     

连通容器泄爆过程的影响因素

以甲烷/空气混合物为研究对象,开展了连通容器气体泄爆影响因素的实验研究。结果表明:连通容器泄爆片泄爆时,随着破膜压力和量纲一泄压比的减小,大、小球容器的最大泄爆压力均增大;在等量纲一泄压比条件下,随着连接管道长度的增加,传爆容器的最大泄爆压力增大。连通容器无膜泄爆时,大球点火条件下,无论管长如何,起爆容器和传爆容器均比单个容器最大泄爆压力大。小球点火条件下,当管道长度为0.45 m时,起爆容器和传爆容器的最大泄爆压力均小于单个容器。连通容器无膜泄爆且量纲一泄压比相同时,当管道长度为0.45 m时,大、小容器内的最大泄爆压力基本相等;当管道长度为2.45 m时,大容器点火时,传爆容器最大爆炸压力大于起爆容器,但小容器点火时,起爆容器最大泄爆压力大于传爆容器;当管道长度为4.45和6.45 m时,传爆容器最大泄爆压力均大于起爆容器。     

一道高中联赛加试题的别证

2003年全国高中数学联赛加试题第一题: 过圆外一点P作圆的两条切线和一条割线,切点为A、B,所作割线交圆于C、D,C在P、D之间,在弦CD上取一点Q,使∠DAQ=∠PBC.求证: ∠DBQ=     

Innovative coupler design based on a tapered light pipe with lens

Natural light illumination system （NLIS） generates increasing research interest because of the recent trend toward green energy. Various crucial optical components used in a NLIS are analyzed, designed, and fabricated to obtain high efficiency. A large amount of light is loss because of the large viewing angle during light transmission. A tapered light pipe （TLP） is used to collimate light viewing angles. In this letter, we combine a TLP and a traditional lens as a new coupler based on Etendue theory. The original efficiency is only 17.54%, but the efficiency reaches more than 70% when the new coupler is applied.     

高速时空分辨光谱仪的构建及其在水中纳秒脉冲火花放电光谱诊断中的应用

近年来对水中高压脉冲放电等离子体特性的诊断研究越来越受到重视。测量单个放电脉冲放电等离子体的时间-空间分辨发射光谱,有助于研究水中脉冲放电等离子体的时空演化动力学特性和规律。在本研究中将四分幅超高速相机和单色仪结合,构建了一种跟踪单个放电脉冲的高速时空分辨光谱仪,开发了相应的光谱分析软件。用波长632.8 nm的He-Ne激光器,在1 200 g·mm-1刻线光栅条件下对光谱仪的性能进行了测试。结果表明：对应He-Ne氦氖激光632.8 nm谱线的像素分辨率为0.013 nm。在曝光时间20 ns时,单色仪狭缝宽度0.2 mm时632.8 nm谱线的仪器展宽为(0.150±0.009)nm,仪器展宽随着狭缝宽度的增加呈现增大趋势。曝光时间的变化不会引起仪器展宽的变化,能够确保在调节相机曝光时间的过程中不影响光谱仪性能。利用该高速分辨光谱仪对水中纳秒火花放电发射光谱进行了测量,单次曝光获得了单一脉冲放电等离子体时空演化光谱。今后进一步完善实验室的电路条件消除放电干扰,可以对单个放电脉冲进行更细致的测量,为研究单个放电脉冲等离子体参数的时空演化特性提供良好的技术手段。     

The heat and work of quantum thermodynamic processes with quantum coherence

Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for various quantum thermodynamic processes have not been well characterized in literature. Here we show how the work in quantum machines is differentially related to the isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes. We prove that the energy exchanges during the quantum isochoric and isothermal processes are simply depending on the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions. However, for a time-dependent system in a non-adiabatic quantum evolution, the transitions between the different quantum states representing the quantum coherence can affect the essential thermodynamic properties, and thus the general definitions of the heat and work should be clarified with respect to the microscopic generic time-dependent system. By integrating the coherence effects in the exactly-solvable dynamics of quantum-spin precession, the internal energy is rigorously transferred as the work in the thermodynamic adiabatic process. The present study demonstrates that the quantum adiabatic process is sufficient but not necessary for the thermodynamic adiabatic process.