妙用“虚拟法”解题例谈

有些题目，题给信息模糊，条件隐蔽或不足，从表面看无从下手，按常规思维又很难直接求解．面对这样的问题，根据题意转换思维，科学假设，合理虚拟一些条件、状态、情景、过程和模型等，进而使问题便于求解的方法就叫虚拟法．下面就妙用“虚拟法”求解实际物理问题，举例作一浅谈．     

Modulation Frequency Multiplexed Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy System for Simultaneous CO, CO2 Measurements

A modulation frequency multiplexed dual diode-laser system is developed for simultaneous detection of the two most common fire gas products CO and CO2. Simultaneous detection is achieved by modulating each laser at different frequencies, demodulating the signal by a pair of lock-in amplifiers for each gas. Laser beams are combined and detected by one detector after passing through an identical optical path. The experimental results show little performance degradation associated with modulation frequency multiplexing, and no cross-talk between the two multiplexed detection channels is measured.     

稀土与细胞,器官,组织的作用及其生理效应

稀土与细胞、器官、组织的作用及其生理效应杨频，魏春英（山西大学分子科学研究所，太原，０３０００６）我国稀土贮量占世界第一位，稀土微肥已被大面积使用，稀土已进入植物，如在玉米大豆中，稀土含量为１０（－８）～１０（－１０）ｇ／ｇ［１］。随着稀土的广泛应用...     

酯交换法合成碳酸二苯酯用氧化铅－氧化锌催化剂的研究

 制备了一种用于苯酚与碳酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的新型氧化铅－氧化锌多相催化剂．研究了制备方法、焙烧温度、不同母体和母体配比对催化剂催化性能的影响．应用XRD，TPR和原子吸收光谱对催化剂结构进行了表征，发现Pb3O4是主活性物相，ZnO为助催化剂，并以非晶态或微晶态存在于催化剂体系中．当焙烧温度为500℃，n（Pb）／n（Zn）≈2时，催化剂的活性最高，碳酸二苯酯产率可达45．6％．考察了催化剂的重复使用效果，并对失活原因进行了探讨．     

4′-乙酰基苯并-15-冠-5缩氨基硫脲的微波合成及晶体结构

硫脲衍生物主要通过氢键与阴离子相互作用达到识别的目的，冠醚和硫脲两个主体分子亚单元之间的协同作用往往使冠醚和硫脲表现出对某些客体更加优越的络合识别能力，我们在以前工作的基础上，微波辐射下合成了标题化合物并用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、元素分析、X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征，欲进一步研究其对阳离子和阴离子识别的双重功效。     

1－芳氧基乙酰基－4－邻氯苯甲酰基氨基硫脲衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究

于固－液相转移催化条件下，合成了１０个１－芳氧基乙酰基－４－邻氯苯甲酰基氨基硫脲衍生物，用元素分析、ＩＲ和￣１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ光谱确定了它们的结构。该类化合物对小麦幼苗生长具有明显的促进作用。     

β-环糊精与两性表面活性剂相互作用

用表面张力法研究了β-环糊精与十一烷基酰胺甲酸钠(C₁₁H₂₃CONHCOONa,SF)两性表面活性剂在不同温度下的包结作用。结果表明:SF的表面张力值(β)及表观临界胶束浓度(cmc^*)加入β-CD后增加,β-CD浓度越大,γ和cmc^*增加越多,且SF的cmc^*与β-CD浓度存在线性关系,随温度的升高,两性表面活性剂的表面张力值降低,意味着它们的表面活性随温度升高而增强。利用表面张力测定了β-CD-SF体系在不同温度下的包结形成常数K_a,进而求得了包结过程的焓变和熵变,结果表明,该过程是焓和熵均有利的过程,进一步说明疏水作用是形成包结物最重要的的作用力之一。     

Study on the Anion Recognition Properties of Synthesized Receptors （Ⅲ）： Convenient Synthesis and Anion Recognition Property of Bisthiosemicarbazone Derivative

A new series of bisthiosemicarbazone derivative receptors(1,2 and 3)have been synthesized by simple steps ingood yields.Their anion recognition properties were studied by UV-Vis and ~1H NMR spectroscopy.The resultshowed that the receptors 1,2 and 3 all had a better selectivity to F~-,CH_3COO~- and H_2PO_4~-,but no evidentbinding with Cl~-,Br~-,I~-,NO_3~- and HSO_4~-.Upon addition of the three anions to the receptors in DMSO,thesolution acquired a color change from colorless to dark yellow that can be observed by the naked-eyes,thus the re-ceptors can act as fluoride ion sensors even in the presence of other halide ions.The data showed that it was regularthat the three receptors had different binding ability with the three anions.For the same anion,the association con-stants followed the trend:receptor 1>3>2.The UV-Vis data indicates that a 1:1 stoichiometry complex isformed through hydrogen bonding interactions between compound 1,2 or 3 and anions.     

Eu1—xTbxBa2Cu3O7—δ中Tb离子价态的研究

研究了BaTbO_3、Tb_4O_7、TbFeO_3的Tb_(4d)XPS谱,找到了表征Tb~(3+)、Tb~(4+)的特征峰,得出的高、低结合能峰强之比与Tb~(4+)/Tb含量间的依赖关系,可用于确定Eu_(1-x)Tb_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)中“123”相的Tb离子混合价态,用常压高温烧结法,未能获得纯“123”单相,也不易获得纯利Tb~(3+)价态样品.在Eu_(1-x)Tb_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)中的Tb以Tb~(3+)、Tb~(4+)混合价态存在;当x=0.3时,Tb~(4+)/Tb=0.61.引入Tb~(4+)后“123”主相Cu(2)-O(2)平面上的O_(2p)空穴数降低,这是Tb~(4+)破坏超导电性的一种可能原因。