FPXRF——偏最小二乘法定量分析土壤中的铅含量

在实验室条件下,利用NITON XLt920型便携式X射线荧光光谱(field portable X-ray fluorescence,FPXRF)仪获取土壤样品的X射线荧光光谱数据,并采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立土壤Pb含量的预测模型。模型所用的光谱范围为与土壤中Pb元素密切相关的两个波段:10.40～10.70 keV和12.41～12.80 keV;最佳主成分数为6。模型经交互验证,其预测结果与实测值之间的相关系数为0.966 6,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.873 2。另外为了与偏最小二乘法做比较,还分别利用仪器直接获取的Pb含量读数以及X射线荧光光谱数据中Pb的Lα和Lβ线的强度与ICP测定值进行一元线性和多元线性回归,相关系数分别为0.680 5和0.730 2,均低于PLS模型的预测结果。研究表明,相比较传统的原子吸收等测试方法,便携式XRF仪在保证一定测试精度基础上,具有方便、快速、无损和耗费少等优势,可作为进一步分析前有力的筛选手段。     

多种薄油膜光谱反射率特性外场测试方法及结果分析

水面溢油机载航测工作需要以全面的溢油模拟目标的光谱反射率特性数据作为支撑,选择合适的工作波段,并通过获得的数据对溢油情况进行分析与判断。针对汽油、柴油、润滑油、煤油与原油五种目标样本,油膜从紫外波段到近红外波段进行了反射光谱测量,并将结果与相同实验环境下的水的反射光谱对比。实验结果表明油膜的光谱反射特性与油品类型以及油膜的厚度相关。不同种类的油膜在相同厚度的情况下,光谱反射率曲线的差异很大,而同一种类的油膜,随着油膜厚度的改变,光谱反射率曲线亦随之发生改变,因而就单一油膜而论,可以通过反射率曲线区分不同的油膜厚度。以相同的油膜厚度而论,柴油,煤油,润滑油在380 nm附近存在反射率峰值,与水的反射率差异明显,原油在大于340 nm波长的反射率远小于水,所得到的反射光谱能够在一定程度上区分不同类型油膜。实验涉及主要溢油油种,数据全面覆盖探测常用的光谱波段,定量化描述了油膜光谱反射率特性,为机载水面溢油探测工作的波段选择与水面溢油的早期发现与分析提供了全面的理论与数据支持。     

痕量镉的催化动力学荧光分析法

Guilbault等曾捉及利用Cd(Ⅱ)对酶催化非荧光物质高香草酸氧化为强荧光化合物反应的抑制作用可测定镉,但迄今尚未见利用催化动力学荧光分析法测定痕量镉的报道,本文拟利用Cd(Ⅱ)和咪唑对Co(Ⅲ)-T(4-SP)P络合物生成反应的催化作用,建立痕量镉的催化动力学荧光分析法。     

聚醚酯/蒙脱土复合材料的结晶动力学和结晶形态

有机－无机复合材料是近来材料科学发展的热点,无机物对基体的结晶行为有很大的影响［１,２］．聚醚酯嵌段共聚物的高弹性依靠硬段结晶形成的物理交联点［３,４］,因而任何影响结晶的因素必然导致其性能的变化．通过聚醚酯与蒙脱土的复合,研究聚醚酯的结晶行为的变化...     

无规聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯立构复合的红外光谱研究

用红外光谱研究了无规聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的丙酮、苯、氯仿溶液成膜样品的立构复合状况。结果表明无规聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯在丙酮和苯中确能形成立构复合结构,结构的形成主要是依靠分子链中间规和等规链段的相互作用。对丙酮样品的退火实验表明,在退火过程中能够发生间规链段的自聚集现象。     

不相容PHBV/PS、PHBV/PMMA结晶/非晶共混体系的结晶行为研究

在不同的共混比例、不同的结晶温度下对不相容PHBV/PS、PHBV/PMMA结晶/非晶共混体系的结晶行为做了系统的研究.研究发现当PHBV含量为75wt%时,共混体系仍然和纯PHBV一样生成环带球晶;而当PHBV含量为50wt%时,共混体系在略低于非晶组分玻璃化转变温度时呈现花瓣状的球晶形貌;当PHBV含量为25wt%时,PHBV/PS体系出现不规则的晶体形貌,而PHBV/PMMA体系在偏光显微镜下没有观察到晶体.在这种不相容共混体系中,非晶组分的分散状态以及共混比例对共混体系中PHBV环带球晶的形成起到决定性的作用,而非晶组分对PHBV球晶的片晶前端生长的影响是形成花瓣状球晶的主要原因.     

Crystallization behavior, thermal and mechanical properties of PHBV/graphene nanosheet composites

Biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/graphene nanosheet (GNS) composites were prepared via a solution-casting method at low GNS loadings in this work. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that a fine dispersion of GNSs was achieved in the PHBV matrix. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and the results showed that the thermal stability of PHBV was significantly improved with a very low loading of GNSs. Nonisothermal melts crystallization behavior, spherulitic morphology and crystal structure of neat PHBV and the PHBV/GNSs nanocomposites were investigated, and the experimental results indicated that crystallization behavior of PHBV was enhanced by the presence of GNSs due to the heterogeneous nucleation effect; however, the two-dimensional (2D) GNSs might restrict the mobility of the PHBV chains in the process of crystal growing. Dynamic mechanical analysis studies showed that the storage modulus of the PHBV/GNSs nanocomposites was greatly improved.     

YWG全多孔微粒硅胶的液相色谱效能研究

本文研究了高速液相色谱的二种国产YWG全多孔微粒硅胶的色谱效能,并与相同规格的Mercksorb SI-60硅胶进行了比较.由扫描电子显微镜结果,YWG微粒硅胶的粒度均匀性优于Mercksorb SI-60.为了消除进样所引起的色谱峰的扩展,实验中改进了进样装置和采用将试样直接注入到层析柱填料之内的点进样方法,由板高(H)-流速(u)曲线可得,YWG-5微米硅胶在曲线最小点附近的最高柱效为H=0.012毫米;10微米硅胶为H=0.022毫米,即相当于H_最小=2.8 d_p.d_p为按Halàsz方法计算的硅胶平均粒度。     

Correlation between polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) and crystallization of polymerized CBT

The correlation between ring-opening polymerization(ROP) of cyclic butylene terephthalate(CBT) and crystallization of polymerized CBT(p CBT) strongly affected the final properties of p CBT and its composites.The major objective of this contribution is to pinpoint the threshold temperature between them and the interrelation is successfully disclosed.That is,crystallization during polymerization occurs below 204 °C and the crystallization properties of p CBT are determined by this isothermal ROP stage; polymerization and crystallization are gradually separated with the increase of temperature of ROP(TP) from 204 °C,and the crystallization properties of p CBT are dominated by cooling stage; only polymerization is performed above 212 °C.Moreover,quantitative analysis suggests that uniform crystal size distributions and thicker lamellar crystals derive from the stage of crystallization during polymerization.On the contrary,the crystal size distributions become wider above 204 °C of TP and lead to obvious double melting peaks during heating scan.These efforts provide a very useful guide for the related investigation and application of CBT.