复杂背景下红外图像弱小目标检测

红外弱小目标检测是安防监控、侦察探测、精确制导等领域的关键技术。为了提高复杂背景条件下红外弱小目标检测的准确性和实时性,提出了一种基于深度学习的红外弱小目标检测算法YOLO-FCSP。根据红外图像中弱小目标的特点,在YOLO检测框架的基础上,通过减少下采样次数,结合跨阶段局部模块、Focus结构和空间金字塔池化结构设计了特征提取网络。借鉴多路径聚合的思路优化特征融合网络,同时调整检测输出层数量,通过信息复用提高特征利用效率。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法在检测红外弱小目标时具有较高的准确率和检测速度,精度和召回率分别为91.9%和94.6%,平均准确率(AP)值达到92.6%,检测速度达到170 f/s,满足实际应用中实时检测的需求。     

基于单目视觉的航天器间相对位姿测量算法

对航天器间相对位姿的光学测量问题进行了研究,提出了一种新的单目视觉测量算法——相似迭代算法。该算法根据三角形相似原理提出了一种新的深度迭代机制,并通过引入深度变量,将求解2D-3D问题转化为迭代求解3D-3D问题。对数值仿真与两种现有的测量算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,该算法具有精度高、抗噪声能力强和实时性较好等优点,可以应用于航天器间相对位姿测量等任务。     

纯元素厚试样的标识X射线强度比

本文在15—30kV加速电压下测定了电子激发的八种纯元素(从铝到锗)的K系X射线强度和四种纯元素(从镍到锗)的L系X射线强度。利用经过我们修正并简化的“完全扩散”电子扩散模型,计算出了这些元素的标识X射线强度比值。新模型本身包含了背散射效应,由模型给出的台阶状X射线分布函数,得出了各元素的吸收修正因子,还考虑了连续谱的荧光效应。计算值与实验值相符合,从而验证了模型的可靠性。 关键词：     

Spontaneous formation of single crystal ZnO nanohelices

This paper reports a novel helix-like ZnO nanostructure with several tens of nanometres in thickness synthesized on a gold-coated Si substrate by thermal evaporation of zinc sulfide powder at 1020°C. Transmission electron microscope characterization shows that as-synthesized ZnO nanohelices extend along [01\bar 11] direction and the axial direction of the helix is along [0001] direction. A catalyst-intervened dislocation-induced growth mechanism has been suggested to explain the formation of the helix-like ZnO nanostructures. This study opens a new route to construct helix-like ZnO nanostructures by different evaporation sources.     

Gamma-radiation effects in pure-silica-core photonic crystal fiber

We investigated the steady state gamma-ray radiation response of pure-silica-core photonic crystal fibers(PSC-PCFs)under an accumulated dose of 500 Gy and a dose rate of 2.38 Gy/min. The radiation-induced attenuation(RIA) spectra in the near-infrared region from 800 nm to 1700 nm were obtained. We find that the RIA at 1550 nm is related with hydroxyl(OH-) absorption defects in addition to the identified self-trapped hole(STH) defects. Moreover, it is proposed and demonstrated that reduced OH-absorption defects can decrease the RIA at 1550 nm. The RIA at 1550 nm has effectively declined from 27.7 d B/km to 3.0 dB/km through fabrication improvement. Preliminary explanations based on the unique fabrication processes were given to interpret the RIA characteristics of PSC-PCFs. The results show that the PSC-PCFs,which offer great advantages over conventional fibers, are promising and applicable to fiber sensors in harsh environments.     

CdTe薄膜太阳电池背接触的研究

用近空间升华法制备了CdTe多晶薄膜，用硝酸-磷酸(NP)混合液对薄膜表面进行了腐蚀.经SEM观测，腐蚀后的CdTe薄膜晶界变宽，XRD测试发现，经NP腐蚀后，在CdTe薄膜表面生成了一层高电导的富Te层.在腐蚀后的CdTe薄膜上分别制备了Cu，Cu/ZnTe：Cu，ZnTe：Cu，ZnTe/ZnTe：Cu四种背接触层，比较了它们对太阳电池性能的影响.结果表明，用ZnTe/ZnTe：Cu复合层作为背接触层的效果较好，获得了面积为0.5cm²，转换效率为13.38%的CdTe多晶薄膜太 关键词： 硝磷酸腐蚀 背接触层 CdTe太阳电池     

Microstructural,phase transformation and magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloy fabricated by spark plasma sintering

The microstructural,phase transformation and magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloy fabricated using the spark plasma sintering method have been investigated. The results show that both the as-sintered and annealed sintered specimens exhibit typical martensitic transformation behaviours. The martensite of the sintered specimen after annealing exhibits a ferromagnetic nature. Moreover,study of the fracture surface indicates that the transgranular fracture contributes to the higher ductility of sintered Ni-Mn-Ga alloy. In addition,the transformation strain in sintered Ni-Mn-Ga alloy is studied for the first time.     

Temperature-Controllable Preparation of ZnS Nanosaws on Si Substrate

A large number of ZnS nanosaws are synthesized on Si substrates in the presence of Au catalyst by thermally evaporating ZnS powder. Morphologies and structures of thus-grown ZnS nanosaws are characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and a transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that temperature of the Si substrates used for collection of the products is a critical experimental parameter for the formation of ZnS nanostruetures with different morphologies. The growth mechanism of the ZnS nanosaws is discussed on the basis of the experimental findings.     

带有机器维修和两车辆派送的单机排序问题

研究了带有机器维修和工件派送的单机排序问题,该问题可以被视为一个集成生产和出站配送的排序模型。不同体积的工件需要在带有一个维修区间的机器上加工,且加工不可中断,然后由固定容量的两辆同类车批次交付给单客户,目标函数是极小化最大完工时间,本文提出了2-近似算法,并证明了2是紧界。