三种结论的由来

《中学数学》1983年第5期上刊登了《条件的性质小议》(以下简称小议),文中主要讨论了高中数学第二册里的一道习题:“x-1=0”是“x~2-1=0~”的什么条件?为什么?得出了分别是“充分必要条件”、“充分但不必要条件”和“必要但不充分条件”三种结论。我们现在来考察一下,这些彼此对立的结果是怎样得来的,它们是否都正确,其原因何在。原因之一:《小议》提出“恒等式和方程是有区别的”,因此要把问题分别作为恒等式和方程来进行讨论,于是导致了不同的结果。我们知道,所谓恒等式,是指用等号连结的两个解析式,不论其中的字母取(使两式都有意义的)什么值,等式都成立。若字母取某些值时等式成立,而取另外一些容许值时等式不成立,则称这种等式为条件等     

超声溶栓

超声溶栓长期为人们所重点研究。本文对超声溶栓技术进行了综述，着重介绍和分析了其发展历史、溶栓机理、技术特点和研究现状，最后对以后的研究工作提出了一些看法。     

2007年广东高考物理试题评析

2007年广东高考是施行新课程改革后的第一次高考．《考试大纲》明确要求，命题要“符合选拔性考试的规律和要求，体现普通高中新课程理念，反映物理课程标准的整体要求．着重考查学生的基础知识、基本能力、科学素养和运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题的能力”．作为实施新课程后的第一次高考，笔者认为物理试题体现了上述要求．命题突出了改革的特点，从命题思想、试题设计、内容取材、题序布局，到落实《考试大纲》中所要求的五种能力考查要求等，都能巧妙地加以整合，     

Calculation of Interaction Potentials between Spherical and Deformed Nuclei

The interaction potential for spherical-deformed reaction partners is calculated. The shape, separation and orientation dependence of the interaction potential and fusion cross section of the system ^32S＋^154Sm are investigated within the double-folding model of the deformed nuclei. The effective nucleon-nucleon interaction is taken to be the M3Y-Reid potential. The density is considered for three terms of the expansion using the truncated multipole expansion method, which is a deformed Fermi shape With quadrupole and hexadecapole for the density distribution of ^154Sm. It is found for the interaction potential that the height and the position of barrier strongly depend on the deformations, the orientation angle of the deformed nucleus, and hence produce great effects on fusion cross section. The integrated fusion cross section is in good agreement with the experimental data.     

甘肃临泽小枣多糖提取及抗氧化性

研究了甘肃临泽小枣的抗氧化活性.采用邻二氮菲-Fe<'2+>-H<,2>O<,2>氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法以及卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸过氧化体系对小枣多糖抗氧化作用进行了测定.临泽小枣多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基均有清除能力,并能抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化作用,在相同浓度下,多糖提取液对羟自由基清除能力最强、抑制卵黄脂...     

分数阶黏弹性土层中分数阶三维轴对称桩的竖向振动

将桩基和土体视为三维连续介质,桩基和土体的应力一应变关系采用分数阶黏弹性模型描述。在三维轴对称情况下,利用三维弹性理论和连续介质力学理论,运用分离变量法和分数阶导数的性质,得到了分数阶黏弹性土层中分数阶黏弹性桩基的三维轴对称解;并分析了相关参数对桩顸动态刚度和等效阻尼的影响。研究结果表明：与土体相比,桩基的相关参量对桩顶复刚度的影响较大;桩基和土体的密度比、模量比对桩顶复刚度都有较大的影响。     

钠灯下α-蒎烯光敏氧化反应中区域选择性的催化调控

发展了一种简单有效的α-蒎烯光敏催化氧化方法,该方法以高压钠灯为绿色光源,内循环氧气作为氧化剂和搅拌气,自制水浴式光化学反应器.考察了催化剂种类和反应条件对α-蒎烯转化率和产物选择性的影响.结果表明,α-蒎烯可通过催化一步生成单萜醇、醛和酮,且通过催化剂的酸碱协同作用可调节产物的区域选择性.当以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶...     

Fast light of CsI（Na） crystals

The responses of different common alkali halide crystals to alpha-rays and gamma-rays are tested in this research. It is found that only CsI(Na) crystals have significantly different waveforms between alpha and gamma scintillations, while others do not exhibit this phenomena. The rise time of the fast light is about 5 ns and the decay time is 17±12 ns. It is suggested that the fast light of CsI(Na) crystals arises from the recombination of free electrons with self-trapped holes of the host crystal CsI. Self-absorption limits the emission of fast light of CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) crystals.     

Nonlinear inversion of ultrasonic guided waves for in vivo evaluation of cortical bone properties

Ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs), which propagate throughout the entire thickness of cortical bone, are attractive for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, this is challenging due to the impact of soft tissue and the inherent difficulties related to multiparametric inversion of cortical bone quality factors, such as cortical thickness and bulk wave velocity. Therefore, in this research, a UGW-based multi-parameter inversion algorithm is developed to predict strength-related factors. In simulation, a free plate (cortical bone) and a bilayer plate (soft tissue and cortical bone) are used to validate the proposed method. The inversed cortical thickness (CTh), longitudinal velocity (V_L) and transverse velocity (V_T) are in accordance with the true values. Then four bovine cortical bone plates were used in in vitro experiments. Compared with the reference values, the relative errors for cortical thickness were 3.96%, 0.83%, 2.87%, and 4.25%, respectively. In the in vivo measurements, UGWs are collected from the tibias of 10 volunteers. The theoretical dispersion curves depicted by the estimated parameters (V_T, V_L, CTh) match well with the extracted experimental ones. In comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, our results show that the estimated transverse velocity and cortical thickness are highly sensitive to osteoporosis. Therefore, these two parameters (CTh and V_T) of long bones have potential to be used for diagnosis of bone status in clinical applications.