晶化时间及硅源对SAPO-5分子筛的结构及模板剂状态的影响

通过改变硅源和晶化时间的方法,采用水热法合成了系列SAPO-5分子筛材料,用X光衍射(XRD)和²⁷Al MAS NMR对产物的晶相结构进行表征,用¹³C CP MAS NMR研究了不同阶段的产物中模板剂的存在状态。结果可见:以SiO₂凝胶为硅源时;薄水铝石反应物有较高的活性,在48h的晶化时间内,延长晶化时间有助于SAPO-5分子筛的完整结晶,当晶化时间超过48h时,其中已形成的SAPO-5的结构部分被破坏,并转化为SAPO-34.且SAPO-34的量随晶化时间的延长而增多。当以Si(OEt)₄为硅源时,铝反应物的反应活性较低,在72h的晶化时间范围内,延长晶化时间有助于SAPO-5产物的形成,使其结构愈加完整,在SAPO-5分子筛的形成过程中,模板剂的状态随分子筛结构的变化而变化,由于三乙胺(Et₃N)模板剂中的甲基和亚甲基所处位置不同,其弛豫时间受分子筛结构的影响较大,可用其中甲基的¹³C MAS NMR诺线的强度及化学位移来表示分子筛结构的完整性。     

重油加氢脱硫NiMo/V-Al_2O_3催化剂的失活研究

收集了工业上用于重油加氢脱硫的 Ｎｉ Ｍ ｏ／γ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ 失活催化剂, 用超声波萃取, 超临界流体萃取（ Ｓ Ｆ Ｅ）等方法对其进行了处理, 用热重（ Ｔ Ｇ）、差热分析（ Ｄ Ｔ Ａ）、程序升温氧化质谱（ Ｔ Ｐ Ｏ Ｍ Ｓ）、扫描电镜能谱仪（ Ｓ Ｅ Ｍ  Ｅ Ｄ Ｓ）、 Ｘ 射线衍射仪（ Ｘ Ｒ Ｄ）、程序升温还原（ Ｔ Ｐ Ｒ）等方法对处理前后的催化剂进行了表征, 探讨了导致催化剂失活的主要原因． 结果表明, 积炭, 金属沉积是催化剂失活的主要原因, 经去除沉积的金属和烧炭后, 失活重油加氢催化剂的活性状态可得到恢复, 同时失活催化剂从工业反应器中的卸出方式也会对催化剂的性质产生影响．     

A Diode-Side-Pumped Dynamic Fundamental Mode Nd：YAG Laser

A fundamental mode Nd：YAG laser is experimentally demonstrated with a stagger pumped laser module and a special resonator. The rod is pumped symmetrically by staggered bar modules. A dynamic fundamental mode is achieved with the special resonator under different pump levels. A maximal continuous wave output of 61 W （M^2 = 1.4） is achieved with a single rod. An average output of 47 W, pulse width of 54 ns, pulse energy of 4.7 mJ and peak power of 87kW are obtained under the Q-switched operation of 10 kHz.     

CsI/MCP X射线阴极及其在低强度X射线影像仪中的应用

报道了X射线阴极的光电发射原理,给出CsI／MCPX射线阴极的制作方法。分析了反射式和透射式X射线阴极的量子效率和噪声特点,提出了改进工艺,给出CsI／MCP的输出特性和扫描电镜正面和剖面照片,且指出Lixiscope的发展以及在生物医学中的应用前景。     

动载实验中压电晶体应力量计的设计与应用

各种压电器件广泛用于电子工业、信息传输、医学诊断等许多领域,以实现能量转换、传感、驱动、频率控制等功能. 特别地,压电晶体以其高频响的压电效应,在动载实验中用于动态应力的测试. 利用其特有的各向异性特性,通过设计特殊的切型方向,可以实现对不同应力的测试. 本文通过分析各向异性晶体的特性,从压电效应的基本原理出发,导出了利用各向异性晶体作为剪应力量计的设计思想,并给出了两种典型的动态剪应力计:17.705°Y 切石英和165.44°Y 切铌酸锂晶体.      

Characteristics and properties of metal aluminum thin film prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition technology

Metal aluminum (Al) thin films are prepared by 2450-MHz electron cyclotron resonance plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition on glass and p-Si substrates using trimethylaluminum as the precursor and hydrogen as the reductive gas. We focus our attention on the plasma source for thin-film preparation and annealing of as-deposited films related to the surface square resistivity. The square resistivity of as-deposited Al film is greatly reduced after annealing and almost reaches the value of bulk metal. Through chemical and structure analysis we conclude that the square resistivity is determined by neither contaminant concentration nor surface morphology, but by both crystallinity and crystal size in this process.     

Eu掺杂量对锐钛矿相TiO2电子寿命和吸收光谱影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,建立了不同Eu掺杂量的锐钛矿相TiO₂超胞模型,计算了其态密度、差分电荷密度、能带结构和吸收光谱.结果发现:掺杂后Eu在TiO₂的禁带中产生杂质能级.通过对比两种不同Eu掺杂量(1.39at%和2.08at%)下的锐钛矿TiO₂的能带结构,发现掺杂量越高,杂质能级越向深能级方向移动,说明电子复合率随杂质浓度增加而增加,即电子寿命变小,同时吸收光谱红移越显著,强度越强.根据实际需要,可在锐钛矿TiO₂中适量掺杂Eu,在适当减少电子寿命情况下,使吸收光谱红移.     

一款宽光谱鱼眼镜头的设计

讨论了一款用于监控侦查的鱼眼镜头设计.首先根据使用要求,选择了可以由图像直接提取出目标方位信息的等距离投影方式;又由系统对目标分辨率的要求,选择了焦距相对较长的全帧成像形式.通过合理布局系统结构及材料选择,使各种像差得到较好的校正,并通过加大光阑慧差改善系统照度均匀性.最终设计出工作波段486～900nm,视场180°,F/2.8的宽光谱鱼眼镜头,设计结果系统全视场在乃奎斯特频率63lp/mm处的调制传递函数大于0.3,边缘视场照度大于中心视场照度的50%,f-θ畸变小于3%,各项指标满足系统要求.     

The influence of the structures and compounds of DLC coatings on the barrier properties of PET bottles

To reduce the oxygen transmission rate through a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle (an organic plastic) diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on the inner surface of the PET bottle were deposited by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (RF-PECVD) technology with C₂H₂ as the source of carbon and Ar as the diluted gas. As the barrier layer to humidity and gas permeation, this paper analyses the DLC film structure, composition, morphology and barrier properties by Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and oxygen transmission rate in detail. From the spectrum, it is found that the DLC film mainly consists of sp³ bonds. The barrier property of the films is significantly relevant to the sp³ bond concentration in the coating, the film thickness and morphology. Additionally, it is found that DLC film deposited in an inductively coupled plasma enhanced capacitively coupled plasma source shows a compact, homogeneous and crack-free surface, which is beneficial for a good gas barrier property in PET bottles.     

旋流阻塞与旋流扩散复合内消能泄洪洞的壁面压强特性

结合雅砻江两河口水电站3#导流洞改建的水工模型试验,研究了新型旋流阻塞和旋流扩散复合内消能泄洪洞的壁面压强特性。研究结果表明:在淹没堰流流态时,壁面压强在进口的堰面、竖井段和旋流洞段因阻塞的顶托作用整体增大;在起旋器出口下游侧的旋流洞的顶部仍然存在局部范围的低压区或负压区;在旋流阻塞段,流速增大,壁面压强减小,水流空化数降低;在旋流扩散段,壁面压强略大于或小于大气压。