含冲击损伤复合材料层板及加筋壁板剩余强度研究

应用含刚度折减的椭圆形弹性核模拟了层板的损伤问题,研究了复合材料层板及加筋壁板冲击后的剩余强度问题。利用含椭圆核各向异性杂交应力有限单元对损伤层板进行了应力分析,采用基于特征曲线概念的点应力判据预测了含损伤层板、加筋壁板的剩余强度;基于Abaqus用户子程序uel实现了该方法在工程中的应用,并讨论各种参数对剩余强度的影响。研究结果表明此方法是有效的。     

Stable single helical C-and I-chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes

The helicity of stable single helical carbon chains and iodine chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)is studied by calculating the systematic van der Waals interaction energy.The results show that the optimal helical radius increases linearly with increasing tube radius,which produces a constant separation between the chain structure and the tube wall.The helical angle exhibits a ladder-like decrease with increasing tube radius,indicating that a large tube can produce a small helicity in the helical structures.     

己酸乙酯分子的振动光谱研究

采用B3LYP混合泛函和6-31G基函数组,并对重原子和轻原子使用离散函数和极化函数,　利用密度泛函理论（density functional theory, 简称DFT）计算了己酸乙酯的分子振动光谱,并以此为依据,首次对实验测得的己酸乙酯（Ethyl hexanoate）分子的正常拉曼光谱（NRS）和红外光谱(IR)进行了指认,对己酸乙酯分子的振动模式进行了归属。理论计算和实验数据的比较分析表明,理论计算结果的拉曼和红外各振动峰位与实验测量结果符合得较好。最后,分别把拉曼光谱和红外吸收谱中较强的峰位指认为己酸乙酯分子的拉曼特征峰和红外吸收的特征峰。己酸乙酯分子振动光谱的上述研究,可能在白酒调香,化工和生物等领域的检测方面具有广泛的应用,对进一步拓宽己酸乙酯分子的研究领域具有一定的参考价值。     

Neutrino Emission and Cooling of Dark-Matter-Admixed Neutron Stars

The GW170817 binary neutron star merger event in 2017 has raised great interest in the theoretical research f neutron stars. The structure and cooling properties of dark-matter-admixed neutron stars are studied here using relativistic mean field theory and cooling theories. The non-self-annihilating dark matter(DM) component is assumed to be ideal fermions, among which the weak interaction is considered. The results show that pulsars J1614-2230, J0348+0432 and EXO 0748-676 may all contain DM with the particle mass of 0.2–0.4 GeV. However,it is found that the effect of DM on neutron star cooling is complicated. Light DM particles favor the fast cooling of neutron stars, and the case is converse for middle massive DM. However, high massive DM particles, around1.0 GeV, make the low mass(around solar mass) neutron star still undergo direct Urca process of nucleons at the core, which leads the DM-admixed stars cool much more quickly than the normal neutron star, and cannot support the direct Urca process with a mass lower than 1.1 times solar mass. Thus, we may conjecture that if small(around solar mass) and super cold(at least surface temperature 5–10 times lower than that of the usual observed data) pulsars are observed, then the star may contain fermionic DM with weak self-interaction.     

坛紫菜对赤潮异弯藻生长和光合活性的影响

以赤潮异弯藻为研究对象, 利用水样叶绿素荧光仪等研究新鲜坛紫菜、灭活坛紫菜、坛紫菜水溶性浸提液和甲醇提取物对有害赤潮微藻生长和光合活性的影响. 结果表明 新鲜坛紫菜具有抑制赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性(叶绿素a含量、光系统Ⅱ的最大光能转换效率和相对电子传递速率)的作用; 灭活坛紫菜(3.20g·L-1)、坛紫菜水溶性浸提液(0.80、1.60g·L-1)和甲醇提取物(3.20g·L-1)对赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性具有“先抑后促”作用. 坛紫菜水溶性浸提液(3.20 g·L-1)对赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性具有极显著抑制作用(P<0.01). 生长抑制作用大小为坛紫菜水溶性浸提液>灭活坛紫菜>新鲜坛紫菜>坛紫菜甲醇提取物, 坛紫菜可通过释放化感物质来抑制赤潮异弯藻的生长和光合活性, 且主要成分具有水溶性.     

缢蛏精子的形态结构

利用显微及亚显微技术研究了缢蛏精子的形态结构．精子由头部与尾部组成．头部由顸体、顶体杆及核构成．顶体位于顶体杆的前端,呈保龄球形,长约1．1μm,基部宽约0．41μm;顶体内容物分布均匀．顶体杆细长,由纤维状物质组成,长约5～6μm．核呈矮圆桶状,长约1．3μm,宽约1．8μm;核质高度浓缩,电子密度高;核内具囊泡．尾部包括中段和末段,中段由6个线粒体围绕近端与远端中心粒构成;末段细长鞭状,由轴丝外包质膜组成,轴丝为“9＋2”结构．     

高层建筑室外颗粒污染物扩散的数值模拟研究

环境污染问题越来越受到人们的关注,大气中颗粒污染物的不断增加导致雾霾天气频繁出现,已经影响到了人们健康,而随着高层建筑的大量出现,研究大气中的颗粒污染物对高层建筑中人们生活环境的影响有着比较重要的现实意义.本文基于有限元法,耦合欧拉-拉格朗日法(拉格朗日法对建筑物固体进行离散化,欧拉法对流体进行离散化),通过运用FLUENT软件,在简化模型的基础上采用标准k-ε模型,结合当地风场分布特点,分析了高层建筑室外不同风向流场的流动现象及速度、压力云图和颗粒污染物PM2.5的扩散分布,进行数值模拟.最终得到颗粒污染物PM2.5在不同楼层高度的分布特点,沿着楼层高度方向颗粒物浓度基本呈双峰分布,且随着建筑物高度的增加对周围空气流动的影响增强,在高层建筑物迎风面压力最大,以圆弧状逐渐减弱,背风面形成负压区,有回流现象.     

掺杂As2S8非晶态薄膜波导的光阻断效应

实验研究了未掺杂和低浓度掺锡和掺磷的As₂S₈薄膜波导的光阻断效应,提供了三种样品的光阻断响应曲线、室温退激实验数据和光谱测试数据. 结果表明,掺锡样品可以明显提升毫秒级响应的快过程恢复作用,同时还具有减少残留传输损耗的效果,掺磷的效果则相反. 结合实验结果给出了分析讨论. 关键词： 光波导技术 硫属化合物玻璃 光阻断效应 掺杂     

Analysis and Determination of Refractive Index Profiles of O^2＋ Ion-Implanted LiNbO3 Planar Waveguide Using Etching and Ellipsometry Techniques

The refractive index profiles of 3 MeV O^2＋ ion-implanted planar waveguides in lithium niobate are reconstructed based on etching and ellipsometry techniques. SRIM2003 code is used to simulate the damage distribution in waveguide. It is demonstrated that the index profile of this kind of waveguide, extending to several micrometres in depth, can be determined by etching in combination with following ellipsometric measurements. A good agreement is found between the simulated damage distributions in waveguide and the index profiles based on experimental data, and the width of refractive index barrier is wider than the result of SRIM2003.     

狄拉克谈理论物理研究方法

 编者按:P．A．M．狄拉克(1902.8.8-1984.10.20),英国物理学家,量子力学的创始人之一,因对量子力学所做的贡献而与薛定谔合得1933年诺贝尔物理奖。“理论物理研究方法”节译自世界科学出版社1989年出版的《From a Life ofPhysics》。为不失原文风格,下文仍采用狄拉克的第一人称表述。